| 51. |
- Räisänen, Petri, et al.
(författare)
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Male sex, younger age and smoking contribute to low participating rate in an epidemiological study of asthma and respiratory symptoms
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 52
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: High participation rate is warranted in order to ensure the validity in epidemiological study results. However, participation rates in population based studies have declined during the last decades.Aim: To evaluate the causes and potential effects of non-response in a large population based survey about asthma and respiratory symptoms in Northern Sweden.Methods: In 2016 a random sample of 12000 adults in ages 20-79 were invited to a postal questionnaire survey about asthma, rhinitis and respiratory symptoms. Three reminders were sent out. A random sample of 500 non-responders was identified for a telephone interview.Results: The participation rate in the initial mailing was 40.6%, and 9.0%, 4.9%, and 2.6% in the subsequent reminders; in total 57.1% (n=6854) participated. Of the 500 non-responders, 320 were possible to reach and 272 participated in the interviews. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms did not differ significantly between responders and non-responders. Male sex, younger age, and smoking were associated with both late and non-response. Even if more subjects with asthma or allergic rhinitis were late and non-responders the prevalence estimates of these conditions were not substantially affected. However, 11.7% of participants and 18.0% of non-responders were smokers (p <0.001). Reasons for non-participation were mainly lack of time and having forgotten to answer.Conclusion: With a response rate of 57.1%, our prevalence estimates of asthma and respiratory symptom were not biased while smoking was underestimated in this Swedish population.
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| 52. |
- Rönmark, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Allergier största sjukdomsgrupp hos svenska barn och unga vuxna : förekomsten av allergiska sjukdomar ökar världen över - oklart om toppen är nådd
- 2016
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - Stockholm : Sveriges läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 113:14, s. 654-656
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allergic sensitization, an important risk factor for allergic diseases such as asthma and rhinitis, has increased worldwide. Almost half of the young adult population is sensitized to common airborne allergens. Parallel, the prevalence of asthma and clinical allergy also increased all over the world. Allergic diseases are the most common diseases among children, adolescents and young adults in Sweden. Among adults, 8-10% have asthma, 30% rhinitis and 11% eczema. Among children and adolescents around 5-8% report food allergy. Part of the increase in asthma prevalence is related to changes in diagnostic criteria and increased awareness in the population. The increase may have levelled off in some areas.
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| 53. |
- Rönmark, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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High incidence and persistence of airborne allergen sensitization up to age 19 years
- 2017
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 72:5, s. 723-730
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Longitudinal population-based studies about the natural history of allergic sensitization are rare. The aim was to study incidence and persistence of airborne allergen sensitization up to young adulthood and risk factors for early and late onset of sensitization.METHODS: All children aged 7-8 years in two municipalities in Northern Sweden were invited to a parental questionnaire and skin prick tests (SPTs) to ten airborne allergens, and 2148 (88%) participated. The protocol was repeated at age 11-12 and 19 years, and 1516 participated in all three examinations.RESULTS: Prevalence of any positive SPT increased from 20.6% at age 7-8 years to 30.6% at 11-12 years, and 42.1% at 19 years. Animals were the primary sensitizers at age 7-8 years, 16.3%, followed by pollen, 12.4%. Mite and mold sensitization was low. Mean annual incidence of any positive SPT varied between 2.8 and 3.4/100 per year, decreased by age for animal, and was stable for pollen. Sensitization before age 7-8 years was independently associated with family history of allergy, OR 2.1 (95% CI 1.6-2.8), urban living, OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.2-2.9), and male sex, OR 1.3 (95% CI 1.0-1.7), and negatively associated with birth order, OR 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-1.0), and furry animals at home, OR 0.7 (95% CI 0.7-0.9). Incidence after age 11-12 years was associated only with family history of allergy. Multisensitization at age 19 years was significantly associated with early age at sensitization. Remission of sensitization was uncommon.CONCLUSION: The increasing prevalence of allergic sensitization by age was explained by high incidence and persistence. After age 11-12 years, the factors urban living, number of siblings, and male sex lost their importance.
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| 54. |
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| 55. |
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| 56. |
- Sawalha, Sami, 1975-
(författare)
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : clinical phenotyping, mortality and causes of death
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is common. The estimated prevalence is about 10% among adults, but varies largely dependent on the major risk factors age and smoking. Under-diagnosis of COPD is substantial and is related to disease severity. Thus, subjects with mild to moderate COPD are underrepresented in medical registers among health care providers as well as in national registers. Post- bronchodilator (BD) spirometry is mandatory for the diagnosis of COPD, but not sufficient to assess and manage COPD. Phenotyping based on spirometry and clinical manifestations can make it easier to apply individual assessment of subjects with COPD. COPD is a systemic disease with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations and comorbidities are common. Comorbidities most probably contribute to the observed increased mortality among subjects with COPD, however, the impact of comorbidities on mortality and causes of death among subjects with mild to moderate COPD is unclear. Furthermore, there seems to be sex-dependent differences with regard to susceptibility to risk factors, clinical manifestation and outcomes.Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to identify and characterize clinical relevant COPD phenotypes in population-based studies, using spirometry together with clinical characteristics such as respiratory symptoms, exacerbations, and comorbidities, and their impact on mortality and further, also cause of death.Methods: This thesis is based on data from the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden (OLIN) COPD study. The study population was recruited in the years 2002-2004, when all 993 individuals with (FEV1/VC<0.70) were identified after examinations of population-based cohorts, together with age- and sex-matched non-obstructive referents (n=in total 1,986). In this thesis, cross-sectional data from recruitment were used together with mortality data from the Swedish Tax Agency from the date of recruitment in 2002-2004 and onwards. Data on cause of death was collected from the Swedish National Board for Health and Welfare register for all deaths until 31 December 2015. Spirometry was used to identify the following spirometric groups, in paper I: Non-COPD (FEV1/VC≥0.70); COPD (pre- BD FEV1/VC<0.70); in paper II: Non- obstructive (FEV1/VC≥0.70), Pre- not post-BD obstructive (pre- not post-BD FEV1/VC<0.70); COPD (post-BD FEV1/VC<0.70); In paper III: Normal Lung Function (NLF, FEV1/VC≥0.7 & FVC≥80% predicted), COPD (post BD FEV1/VC<0.70) and Lower Limit of Normal COPD (LLN-COPD, the LLN criterion applied among those with COPD); in paper IV: NLF and COPD defined as in paper III, and Restrictive Spirometric pattern (RSP, FEV1/VC≥0.70 & FVC<80% predicted). The OLIN-COPD study and collection of data on causes of death were approved by the regional ethical committee at Umeå University.Results: Paper I: Subjects with COPD had more productive cough than non-COPD, and men more than women. Productive cough increased the risk for exacerbations in COPD and non-COPD and productive cough was associated with worse survival in both groups. In adjusted models (HR;95%CI) the increased risk for death associated with productive cough among those with COPD persisted (1.48;1.13-1.94) when compared with non-COPD without productive cough, significantly so also among men with COPD (1.63;1.17-2.26), but not among women (1.23;0.76-1.99).Paper-II: Pre-BD spirometry misclassified every fourth subject as having COPD. Subjects with pre- but not post-BD obstruction were similar to subjects with COPD regarding reported ‘any respiratory symptoms’, asthma before the age of 40, exacerbations, and comorbidities. The cumulative mortality among subjects with pre- not post-BD obstruction was similar to among subjects in the non-obstructive group, still, the survival was better than among those with COPD. The increased risk for death for COPD persisted also in an adjusted model (1.24; 1.04-1.49) when compared with the non-obstructive group, and the pattern was similar among men and women (1.27; 1.00-1.60 and1.24; 0.92-1.13).Paper III: Men with COPD had more CVD and DM compared to women, while anxiety/depression (A/D) was more common among women than men in all spirometric groups. Men had a higher cumulative mortality than women in all groups. However, CVD seemed to have a greater impact on mortality among women than men, while anxiety/depression increased the risk for death similarly in both sexes. The use of the LLN criterion did not change the observed pattern.Paper IV: CVD was the most common cause of death in all spirometric groups, NLF, RSP and COPD, followed by cancer. Those with COPD and RSP had a similar and higher cumulative mortality than those with NLF. RSP and COPD had an increased risk for CVD death and respiratory death, independent of age, sex, smoking habits and BMI-category, however, the increased risk for CVD death did not reach statistical significance in RSP. In all the groups, the risk for deaths due to cancer was similar, however, lung cancer was more common in COPD than in NLF and RSP. The pattern was fairly similar among men and women. Conclusions: Simple diagnostic procedures like history of respiratory symptoms, exacerbations, and comorbidity can, together with spirometry, contribute with important clinical classification of prognostic importance. Productive cough increased the risk for exacerbations in both COPD and non-COPD. The highest risk for exacerbations and death was observed among subjects with COPD and productive cough. It was impossible to distinguish COPD from those with pre- not post-BD obstruction based on the history of respiratory symptoms, asthma, exacerbations and comorbidities. Still, COPD was associated with an increased risk for death while pre- not post-BD obstruction had better survival than COPD but similar as non-obstructive. There were sex-dependent differences regarding comorbidities and mortality. CVD was less common among women but had a greater impact on mortality compared to among men while A/D, less common among men, increased the risk for death similarly in both sexes. CVD and cancer were the most common causes of death in all spirometric groups. RSP had a similar and higher mortality as COPD when compared with NLF. The risk for cancer-related death was similar in all groups, while the results indicated that COPD and RSP had an increased risk for CVD and respiratory death.
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| 57. |
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| 58. |
- Sawalha, Sami, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of comorbidities on mortality among men and women with COPD: report from the OLIN COPD study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease. - : SAGE Publications. - 1753-4658 .- 1753-4666. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Comorbidities probably contribute to the increased mortality observed among subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but sex differences in the prognostic impact of comorbidities have rarely been evaluated in population-based studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of common comorbidities, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and anxiety/depression (A/D), on mortality among men and women with and without airway obstruction in a population-based study. Methods: All subjects with airway obstruction [forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/(forced) vital capacity ((F)VC) <0.70, n = 993] were, together with age- and sex-matched referents, identified after examinations of population-based cohorts in 2002-2004. Spirometric groups: normal lung function (NLF) and COPD (post-bronchodilator FEV1/(F)VC <0.70) and additionally, LLN-COPD (FEV1/(F)VC
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| 59. |
- Sawalha, Sami, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of comorbidities on mortality in COPD, report from the OLIN COPD study.
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 52
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Comorbidities contribute to the increased mortality observed among subjects with COPD, but the prognostic impact and possible sex differences have rarely been evaluated in population-based studies.Aim: To evaluate the impact of common comorbidities; cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM) and anxiety/depression (A/D), on mortality in a population-based study of subjects with (COPD) and without airway obstruction.Methods: All subjects with airway obstruction (FEV1/(F)VC<0.70, n=993), were, together with age- and sex matched referents, identified after examinations of population-based cohorts in 2002-04. Spirometric groups: Normal Lung Function (NLF), COPD; post- bronchodilator fixed ratio (GOLD) and lower limit of normal (LLN). Mortality data were collected until December 2015.Results: The cumulative mortality was significantly higher in GOLD-COPD than NLF, and higher in men than women in both groups. CVD, DM and A/D independently increased the risk for death (Hazard Ratio; 95% CI, 1.50-1.59; 1.07-2.11) in GOLD-COPD when adjusted for age, sex, smoking habits, BMI and FEV1% predicted, while in NLF A/D (1.54; 1.03-2.30) but not CVD (1.20; 0.87-1.65) or DM (1.46; 0.95-2.26). Among women with GOLD-COPD, CVD and A/D but not DM increased the risk for death, while among men DM and A/D, but not CVD. When the LLN-criterion was applied, the significantly increased risk for death associated with comorbidities remained among men, but not among women.Conclusion: CVD, DM and A/D increased the risk for death in GOLD-COPD, but there seems to be sex-dependent differences in prognosis associated with comorbidities, also in relation to different spirometric criteria for COPD.
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| 60. |
- Schyllert, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Job titles classified into socioeconomic and occupational groups identify subjects with increased risk for respiratory symptoms independent of occupational exposure to vapour, gas, dust, or fumes
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Clinical Respiratory Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2001-8525. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To evaluate the ability of three different job title classification systems to identify subjects at risk for respiratory symptoms and asthma by also taking the effect of exposure to vapours, gas, dust, and fumes (VGDF) into account. Background: Respiratory symptoms and asthma may be caused by occupational factors. There are different ways to classify occupational exposure. In this study, self-reported occupational exposure to vapours, gas, dust and fumes was used as well as job titles classifed into occupational and socioeconomic Groups according to three different systems. Design: This was a large population-based study of adults aged 30-69 years in Northern Sweden (n = 9,992, 50% women). Information on job titles, VGDF-exposure, smoking habits, asthma and respiratory symptoms was collected by a postal survey. Job titles were used for classification into socioeconomic and occupational groups based on three classification systems; Socioeconomic classification (SEI), the Nordic Occupations Classification 1983 (NYK), and the Swedish Standard Classification of Occupations 2012 (SSYK). Associations were analysed by multivariable logistic regression. Results: Occupational exposure to VGDF was a risk factor for all respiratory symptoms and asthma (odds ratios (ORs) 1.3-2.4). Productive cough was associated with the socioeconomic groups of manual workers (ORs 1.5-2.1) and non-manual employees (ORs 1.6-1.9). These groups include occupations such as construction and transportation workers, service workers, nurses, teachers and administration clerks which by the SSYK classification were associated with productive cough (ORs 2.4-3.7). Recurrent wheeze was significantly associated with the SEI group manual workers (ORs 1.5-1.7). After adjustment for also VGDF, productive cough remained significantly associated with the SEI groups manual workers in service and non-manual employees, and the SSYK-occupational groups administration, service, and elementary occupations. Conclusions: In this cross-sectional study, two of the three different classification systems, SSYK and SEI gave similar results and identified groups with increased risk for respiratory symptoms while NYK did not give conclusive results. Furthermore, several associations were independent of exposure to VGDF indicating that also other job-related factors than VGDF are of importance.
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