| 1. |
- Farahmand, Bahman Y., et al.
(författare)
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Survival after hip fracture
- 2005
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 16:12, s. 1583-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although it is known that overall mortality is increased after hip fracture, the influence of hip fracture risk factors on the subsequent mortality and cause of death has not been well studied. The objective of this study was to establish the survival after hip fracture in women and to assess the impact of comorbidity on mortality. We identified a complete population-based set of 2,245 incident hip fracture cases and 4,035 randomly selected population-based controls among women 50-81 years old in Sweden and followed these subjects for an average of 5 years through the Swedish National Inpatient and Cause-of-Death Registers. Information on factors related to hip fracture was obtained through linkage to hospital discharge data and through a mailed questionnaire. We studied excess mortality of hip fracture patients compared to controls using survival curves and proportional hazard regression models. During follow-up, 896 hip fracture patients (40%) and 516 (13%) controls died. The relative risk (RR) of death, adjusted for age and previous hospitalization for serious disease, was 2.3 (95% CI 2.0-2.5). Although the highest mortality risks were in the 1st 6 months post-fracture, RRs for fractures versus controls were increased for at least 6 years. Increased mortality was apparent both in those with evidence of comorbidity and those without. Hip fracture patients have a substantially increased risk of death that persists for at least 6 years post-fracture. The relative excess mortality is independent of comorbidity and known hip fracture risk factors.
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| 2. |
- Wedrén, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphism and endometrial cancer risk : a case-control study
- 2008
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Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 8, s. 322-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Estrogen is an established endometrial carcinogen. One of the most important mediators of estrogenic action is the estrogen receptor alpha. We have investigated whether polymorphic variation in the estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1) is associated with endometrial cancer risk. METHODS: In 702 cases with invasive endometrial cancer and 1563 controls, we genotyped five markers in ESR1 and used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: We found an association between rs2234670, rs2234693, as well as rs9340799, markers in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD), and endometrial cancer risk. The association with rs9340799 was the strongest, OR 0.75 (CI 0.60-0.93) for heterozygous and OR 0.53 (CI 0.37-0.77) for homozygous rare compared to those homozygous for the most common allele. Haplotype models did not fit better to the data than single marker models. CONCLUSION: We found that intronic variation in ESR1 was associated with endometrial cancer risk.
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