| 1. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - Philadelphia : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 2. |
- Bergström, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 3. |
- Sorgenfrei, Simon, Docent, et al.
(författare)
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Mångreligiositet och sekularitet i svenskt polisväsende, vård, skola och offentlig förvaltning : en forskningsöversikt
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under de senaste decennierna har Sverige genomgått stora demografiska och politiska förändringar. Tillsammans har dessa inneburit att Sverige idag samtidigt är ett av Europas mest sekulariserade och mest mångreligiösa länder. Den snabba demografiska förändring Sverige har genomgått har ställt många inför nya, stora och i vissa fall skyndsamma kunskapsbehov samtidigt är forskningen om situationen delvis eftersatt. I denna rapport identifieras hur den nya situationen relaterar till det lagstadgade uppdrag som svenskt polisväsende, vård, skola och offentlig förvaltning har. Den forskning som gjorts inom dessa områden sammanfattas och de viktigaste forskningsbehoven identifieras.
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| 4. |
- Berglund, Sara, 1990-
(författare)
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Tracing pathways in the ocean circulation : A temperature and salinity perspective
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ocean circulation plays an essential role in our climate system. It redistributes heat, salt, carbon and other tracers across the globe, making the climate of Earth more moderate. This thesis targets density differences that are driving the ocean circulation. These differences are caused by changes in temperature and salinity. The analysis is based on the usage of Lagrangian trajectories simulated with velocity fields from an Earth System Model. The Lagrangian approach opens up for the possibility to follow specific water paths and water masses. The results herein provide a new insight to specific circulation patterns in the ocean, and which regions that play an important role in controlling temperature and salinity changes.In the first two articles, the Lagrangian divergence is introduced. It shows the geographical distribution of heat and salt changes of a simulated water mass. Using this, we are able to show that the northward flowing water in the Atlantic Ocean cools and freshens in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre, the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Current. Similarly, we show that the water flowing from the Drake Passage, following the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and moving northwards into the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans, transforms from cold and fresh to warm and saline. This warming and salinification are a result of, not only air-sea fluxes, but also interior mixing.In the third study, we show that 70% of the water flowing northwards as part of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation circuits the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre at least once before it continues northwards. In the gyre, the water spirals downwards as it gets denser, due to a combination of air-sea fluxes and interior mixing. These results bring a new perspective on the Subtropical Gyre's role to the circulation patterns of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.In the last part of this thesis, the circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean is traced into four different pathways. The pathways are visualised geographically together with their change in temperature, salinity and density. With this, we are able to show that the northward flowing water in the Atlantic Ocean exchanges heat and salt with the colder and fresher waters circulating the Subpolar Gyre.
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| 5. |
- Flys, Olena, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Using confocal fusion for measurement of metal AM surface texture
- 2020
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Ingår i: Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties. - Bristol : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 2051-672X. ; 8:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The highly complex nature of as printed metal AM surfaces pose other challenges for making measurements compared to surfaces made with many conventional processing methods. The high complexity is caused by high aspect ratios, a mix of high and low reflexivity, steep angles etc. It is not clear which method is the most suitable for measuring these surfaces. The objective of this study was to compare four different measurement modes available in one instrument to evaluate the advantages and drawbacks of the respective techniques regarding measurements of metal AM surfaces. The evaluated measurement modes are Confocal Microscopy, Coherence Scanning Interferometry, Focus Variation and Confocal Fusion. The effect of advantages and drawbacks of studied techniques was tested on typical surfaces produced by L-PBF process. Surfaces printed at 0° and 90° inclinations were compared regarding the measurement results achieved from the different methods. The Power Spectral Density analysis and visual comparison were used for the examination of studied measurements methods. Besides the comparison of areal measurements acquired by different modes available in the instrument also extracted profile measurements were compared with profile images acquired using an Optical Microscope. This study reveals that confocal fusion is a promising technique for AM surface characterisation, due to the highest amount of valid data points in the typical measurement. The new approach developed in the study showed that PSD analysis can be used for evaluation of fill in algorithms incorporated in different software. Results of the profile comparisons help to illustrate features that can be depicted by surface measurements, applying different measurement principles, as well as enables comparison of raw profile data between different types of measurements. Further investigation of measurements on AM surfaces in the frequency domain will bring more understanding about the limitations of measurement techniques.
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| 6. |
- Karlsson, Klas-Göran, et al.
(författare)
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The Armenian Genocide : Recent Scholarly Interpretations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Language and Society in the Caucasus : Understanding the Past, Navigating the Present - Understanding the Past, Navigating the Present. - 9789187439674 ; , s. 106-125
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Skånberg, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated sustainability assessment of a circular economy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Handbook of the Circular Economy. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. ; , s. 147-161
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Governments and businesses are acknowledging that the prevailing ’linear systems of resource use’ expose our societies to serious risks. Resource constraints and increasing volumes of waste and pollution pose a threat to people’s well-being and businesses’ competitiveness and sustainability efforts. The ’circular economy’, conversely, is described as an industrial system that is circular in the cradle-to-cradle-recyclability sense by intention and design. This chapter focuses on some assessed integrated impacts - possible societal benefits - that a transformation from a linear to a circular economy might result in. This has been done by applying “what-if-scenarios” into a for this purpose constructed interactive input–output model with a number of changes linked to a circular economy implemented in the model. The model has then been applied to eight European economies showing close to 70% reductions in CO2-emissions while offering new and additional employment and improving the trade balance of fossil-fuels-importing countries.
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| 8. |
- Vedantha Krishna, Amogh, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Areal surface topography representation of as-built and post-processed samples produced by powder bed fusion using laser beam melting
- 2020
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Ingår i: Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties. - Bristol : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 2051-672X. ; 8:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing interest in Additive Manufacturing (AM) is due to its huge advantage in producing parts without any geometrical limitations. It is due to this reason, AM is extensively utilized in automotive, aerospace, medical and dental applications. Despite their popularity, AM is often associated with inferior surface quality which is one of the many reasons why it has failed to fully replace traditional methods. Hence, AM is always followed by a subsequent post-processing step to produce the end-product. To establish control over the surface quality it is first necessary to fully understand the surface behaviour concerning the factors affecting it. In this paper, the focus is mainly on having a better understanding of the surfaces by using scale-sensitive fractal analysis. In addition, the paper documents the influence of build inclination and post-processing in particular shot blasting on surface topography and utilizes a multi-scale approach to identify the most important scale and parameters for characterization. Results of this study reveal that shot blasting has a minimalistic effect on surface features at a large scale as it cannot remove the waviness completely. At smaller scales, blasting imparts additional features on the surface due to the impact of abrasive particles at high pressure. At the intermediate scales, the influence of shot blasting is highest as it successfully eliminates the surface features comprising of partially melted powder particles and stair-step effect.
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| 9. |
- Wessbo, Simon, 1980-
(författare)
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Fiktion genom två medier : En studie om gymnasieelevers menings-skapande utifrån Hjalmar Söderbergs novell "Pälsen" och dess adaption till film
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med avhandlingen är att bidra med detaljerad kunskap om gymnasieelevers meningsskapande utifrån fiktion från olika medier, i detta fall skönlitteratur i form av en tryckt novell och en novellfilm som är en adaption av novellen. Fyra mediala förutsättningar iscensätts där skönlitteratur och film används, för att undersöka hur gymnasieungdomar skapar mening om skönlitteratur och film och vilka didaktiska konsekvenser detta får. I den första förutsättningen får eleverna skriva om Hjalmar Söderbergs novell ”Pälsen”, medan de i den andra förutsättningen får skriva om Björne Larsons filmadaption Pälsen (2008). I den tredje förutsättningen får eleverna skriva efter att ha sett filmen och sedan läst novellen, medan den omvända ordningen gäller i den fjärde förutsättningen. Studiens material består av 186 elevtexter, har samlats in år 2016 och 2018. Elevernas meningsskapande undersöks genom olika positioner de intar till verken. Eleverna kan inta en intrigposition där de befinner sig i den fiktiva världen; en analogiposition där de undersöker vilken överförd betydelse verken har; samt en objektsposition där eleverna yttrar sig om verket som ett objekt med en konstruktör. Utifrån dessa positioner framkommer att eleverna som läser novellen skriver ur alla dessa positioner, men jämfört med övriga grupper mest ur en analogiposition där olika budskap från novellen konstrueras. Eleverna som ser filmen skriver mest om intrigen, vilket bland annat uttrycks genom den närhet de upprättar till filmens karaktärer. Filmgruppen använder få begrepp som är mediespecifika, istället använder de litterära begrepp i sitt meningsskapande om filmen. Elever som tar del av både film och novell skriver ofta jämförelser av berättelsernas intriger, men det kan också leda till mediereflexiva och metakognitiva resonemang om filmen och novellen. I resultatkapitlen framkommer vidare att filmgruppens skrivande om intrigens viktiga händelser präglas av en större säkerhet än novellgruppen. Avslutningsvis undersöks elevernas inferenser om novellen och filmen, där filmgruppen i högre grad ägnar sig åt elaborerande inferenser där spekulativa resonemang om karaktärerna utvecklas. Resultaten visar hur meningsskapande varierar utifrån olika mediala förutsättningar och diskuteras utifrån det medielandskap och den medieekologi som råder, där olika slags uttryck och medier ständigt förekommer och omformas.
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