| 1. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Cohort mortality study of Swedish pulp and paper mill workers-nonmalignant diseases
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 33:6, s. 470-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The aim of this study was to determine mortality among pulp and paper mill workers according to the main mill pulping process, department, and gender, particular reference being given to diseases of the circulatory and respiratory systems.Methods The cohort of 18 163 men and 2 291 women employed between 1939 and 1999 and with >1 year of employment was followed for mortality from 1952 to 2001 (acute myocardial infarction from 1969). Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by comparing the observed number of deaths with the expected number for the entire Swedish population. Exposure was assessed from personnel files in the mills. Data from an exposure measurement database are also presented.Results There were 5898 deaths in the cohort. Total mortality had an SMR of 1.02 (95% CI 0.98–1.06) for the men in the sulfate mills and an SMR of 0.93 (95% CI 0.90–0.97) for the men in the sulfite mills. Mortality from acute myocardial infarction was increased among the men in both the sulfate and sulfite mills [SMR 1.22 (95% CI 1.12–1.32) and SMR 1.11 (95% CI 1.02–1.21), respectively] and by department in sulfate pulping (SMR 1.29, 95% CI 1.07–1.54), paper production (SMR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06–1.49), and maintenance (SMR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02–1.30). Mortality from cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and nonmalignant respiratory diseases was not increased.Conclusions Death from acute myocardial infarction, but not cerebrovascular diseases, was increased in this cohort and was probably related to a combination of different occupational exposures (eg, dust, sulfur compounds, shift work, and noise).
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Cancerframkallande ämnen i tätortsluft Lindesberg 2005/2006
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den allmänna befolkningens exponering för bensen, butadien, formaldehyd,kvävedioxid samt partiklar PM 2,5 i Lindesberg har studerats från oktober 2005till och med januari 2006. Totalt ingick 40 personer och 60 personburna mätningar(exponeringsmätningar) av olika cancerframkallande ämnen genomfördes isjudygnsperioder. Ökat intresse för de partikulära luftföroreningarnas betydelsevid bland annat hjärt-kärlsjuklighet innebar att mätningar av partiklar PM 2,5genomfördes stationärt i hemmen under 2 dygn. Parallellt med exponeringsmätningarnagenomfördes även bakgrundsmätningar av samtliga ämnen vidbyggnaden där Bergslagens Miljö- och Byggförvaltning är inhysta (Kungsgatan)och vid trafikerad gata på Räddningstjänstens tak (Kristinavägen) av samtligaämnen med mätperiod totalt uppgående till fem veckor. Liknande studier i störretätorter har tidigare genomförts i Göteborg, Umeå, Stockholm och Malmö.Resultaten från undersökningarna i Lindesberg kan sammanfattas i följande tabell:Lufthalter för olika ämnen i Lindesbergs kommun hösten 2005Ämne Personburna mätningar Bakgrundsmätningarμg/m³Kristinavägenμg/m³Kungsgatanμg/m³Bensen1,6 0,4 0,4Butadien0,5 0,04 0,05Formaldehyd27 3 2Kvävedioxid6 10 7Partiklar PM 2,59,3 9 9,7Vi har inte kunnat konstatera någon säkerställd påverkan på lufthalter av enskildamiljöfaktorer eller levnadsmönster. För enskilda individer sågs god korrelationmellan lufthalter vid olika mätomgångar. Skillnader i exponering kunde intekonstateras då rökvanor eller boendeform jämfördes, för pendlare sågs dockskillnader i bensen-, butadien- och kvävedioxidexponering.Korrelationen mellan exponeringsmätningar och bakgrundsmätningar var låg församtliga ämnen utom för bensen, motsvarande samvariation mellan olika ämnen ienskilt prov erhölls endast för bensen och butadien.De uppmätta lufthalterna av olika ämnen i Lindesbergs kommun är väl i nivå medde olika nationella och internationella rikt- och gränsvärden som finns antagna.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Quartz and dust exposure in Swedish iron foundries
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. - Philadelphia, PA : Taylor & Francis. - 1545-9624 .- 1545-9632. ; 6:1, s. 9-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to respirable quartz continues to be a major concern in the Swedish iron foundry industry. Recommendations for reducing the European occupational exposure limit (EU-OEL) to 0.05 mg/m3 and the corresponding ACGIH® threshold limit value (ACGIH-TLV) to 0.025 mg/m3 prompted this exposure survey. Occupational exposure to respirable dust and respirable quartz were determined in 11 Swedish iron foundries, representing different sizes of industrial operation and different manufacturing techniques. In total, 436 respirable dust and 435 respirable quartz exposure measurements associated with all job titles were carried out and are presented as time-weighted averages. Our sampling strategy enabled us to evaluate the use of respirators in certain jobs, thus determining actual exposure. In addition, measurements using real-time dust monitors were made for high exposure jobs. For respirable quartz, 23% of all the measurements exceeded the EU-OEL, and 56% exceeded the ACGIH-TLV. The overall geometric mean (GM) for the quartz levels was 0.028 mg/m3, ranging from 0.003 to 2.1 mg/m3. Fettler and furnace and ladle repair operatives were exposed to the highest levels of both respirable dust (GM = 0.69 and 1.2 mg/m3; range 0.076-31 and 0.25-9.3 mg/m3 and respirable quartz (GM = 0.041 and 0.052 mg/m3; range 0.004-2.1 and 0.0098-0.83 mg/m3. Fettlers often used respirators and their actual quartz exposure was lower (range 0.003-0.21 mg/m3, but in some cases it still exceeded the Swedish OEL (0.1 mg/m3. For furnace and ladle repair operatives, the actual quartz exposure did not exceed the OEL (range 0.003-0.08 mg/m3, but most respirators provided insufficient protection, i.e., factors less than 200. In summary, measurements in Swedish iron foundries revealed high exposures to respirable quartz, in particular for fettlers and furnace and ladle repair workers. The suggested EU-OEL and the ACGIH-TLV were exceeded in, respectively, 23% and 56% of all measurements regardless of the type of foundry. Further work on elimination techniques to reduce quartz concentrations, along with control of personal protection equipment, is essential.
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| 4. |
- Hagström, Katja, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to wood dust, resin acids and volatile organic compounds during production of wood pellets
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. - Philadelphia, PA : Taylor and Francis. - 1545-9624 .- 1545-9632. ; 5:5, s. 296-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main aim of this study was to investigate exposure to airborne substances that are potentially harmful to health during the production of wood pellets, including wood dust, monoterpenes, and resin acids, and as an indicator of diesel exhaust nitrogen dioxide. In addition, area measurements were taken to assess background exposure levels of these substances, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbon monoxide. Measurements were taken at four wood pellet production plants from May 2004 to April 2005. Forty-four workers participated in the study, and a total of 68 personal measurements were taken to determine personal exposure to wood dust (inhalable and total dust), resin acids, monoterpenes, and nitrogen dioxide. In addition, 42 measurements of nitrogen dioxide and 71 measurements of total dust, resin acids, monoterpenes, VOCs, and carbon monoxide were taken to quantify their indoor area concentrations. Personal exposure levels to wood dust were high, and a third of the measured levels of inhalable dust exceeded the Swedish occupational exposure limit (OEL) of 2 mg/m3. Parallel measurements of inhalable and total dust indicated that the former were, on average, 3.2 times higher than the latter. The data indicate that workers at the plants are exposed to significant amounts of the resin acid 7-oxodehydroabietic acid in the air, an observation that has not been recorded previously at wood processing and handling plants. The study also found evidence of exposure to dehydroabietic acid, and exposure levels for resin acids approached 74% of the British OEL for colophony, set at 50 microg/m3. Personal exposure levels to monoterpenes and nitrogen dioxide were low. Area sampling measurements indicated that aldehydes and terpenes were the most abundant VOCs, suggesting that measuring personal exposure to aldehydes might be of interest. Carbon monoxide levels were under the detection limit in all area measurements. High wood dust exposure levels are likely to have implications for worker health; therefore, it is important to reduce exposure to wood dust in this industry.
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