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Sökning: WFRF:(Carlson Christopher S.) > (2020-2021)

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1.
  • Lagou, Vasiliki, et al. (författare)
  • Sex-dimorphic genetic effects and novel loci for fasting glucose and insulin variability
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Differences between sexes contribute to variation in the levels of fasting glucose and insulin. Epidemiological studies established a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in men and impaired glucose tolerance in women, however, the genetic component underlying this phenomenon is not established. We assess sex-dimorphic (73,089/50,404 women and 67,506/47,806 men) and sex-combined (151,188/105,056 individuals) fasting glucose/fasting insulin genetic effects via genome-wide association study meta-analyses in individuals of European descent without diabetes. Here we report sex dimorphism in allelic effects on fasting insulin at IRS1 and ZNF12 loci, the latter showing higher RNA expression in whole blood in women compared to men. We also observe sex-homogeneous effects on fasting glucose at seven novel loci. Fasting insulin in women shows stronger genetic correlations than in men with waist-to-hip ratio and anorexia nervosa. Furthermore, waist-to-hip ratio is causally related to insulin resistance in women, but not in men. These results position dissection of metabolic and glycemic health sex dimorphism as a steppingstone for understanding differences in genetic effects between women and men in related phenotypes.
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2.
  • Diaz, Ben P., et al. (författare)
  • Seasonal mixed layer depth shapes phytoplankton physiology, viral production, and accumulation in the North Atlantic
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Seasonal shifts in phytoplankton accumulation and loss largely follow changes in mixed layer depth, but the impact of mixed layer depth on cell physiology remains unexplored. Here, we investigate the physiological state of phytoplankton populations associated with distinct bloom phases and mixing regimes in the North Atlantic. Stratification and deep mixing alter community physiology and viral production, effectively shaping accumulation rates. Communities in relatively deep, early-spring mixed layers are characterized by low levels of stress and high accumulation rates, while those in the recently shallowed mixed layers in late-spring have high levels of oxidative stress. Prolonged stratification into early autumn manifests in negative accumulation rates, along with pronounced signatures of compromised membranes, death-related protease activity, virus production, nutrient drawdown, and lipid markers indicative of nutrient stress. Positive accumulation renews during mixed layer deepening with transition into winter, concomitant with enhanced nutrient supply and lessened viral pressure. Phytoplankton are important primary producers. Here the authors investigate phytoplankton physiological changes associated with bloom phases and mixing regimes in the North Atlantic, finding that stratification and deep mixing shape accumulation rates by altering physiology and viral production.
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