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- Boström, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Meibography: Inter-rater reliability
- 2016
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Ingår i: 8th International Conference on the Tear Film & Ocular Surface: Basic Science and Clinical Relevance. ; , s. 47-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. The tear film lipid layer holds an important role in maintaining the integrity and health of the anterior surface of the eye. The meibomian glands found in eyelids are responsible for producing most of the lipids of the tear film. Dysfunction of the meibomian glands leads to increased evaporation of tears, which may lead to dry eye. Meibography is a method used for assessing the drop out of meibomian glands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability between two different examiners when rating meibography images. Methods. The Sirius 3D scheimpflug camera (C.S.O., Florence, Italy) was used to photograph the everted upper and lower eyelids of the right and left eye of 52 subjects. The grade of meibomian gland loss was subjectively graded using the five-grade Meiboscale (Pult, 2012) and the percentage of gland loss was calculated using Phoenix Meibography software (version 3.0.1.021, bon Optic VertriebsGmbH, Lübeck, Germany). Data was analyzed using MedCalc for Windows (version 16.4.3, MedCalc Software, Ostend, Belgium). Results. The inter-rater reliability for the Meiboscale grade of meibomian gland loss was calculated using weighted Cohen’s kappa (linear weights). The result for all 208 images was Kw = 0.542 (95 % CI 0.454 to 0.630), which indicates a moderate agreement. The inter-rater reliability for the percentage of meibomian gland loss was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficient. The result for all 208 images was ICC = 0.794 (95 % CI 0.737 to 0.839), which indicates a substantial agreement. Conclusions. Imaging is an invaluable tool when managing patients in clinical practice. When performing meibography to evaluate meibomian gland loss, using software to calculate the percentage of gland loss gives a better inter-rater agreement than subjective grading of the images.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Oskar, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in Swedish Contact Lens Prescribing 2017
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Poster display 2: TRENDS IN SWEDISH CONTACT LENS PRESCRIBING 2017Presenter: Oskar JohanssonAuthors: OSKAR JOHANSSON1 , PHILP MORGAN2 , PETER GIEROW1Affiliation:1) Linnaeus University 2) University of ManchesterKey words: Contact lens, fitting, lens typePurpose: The purpose was to evaluate the trends of contact lens prescribing among Swedish optometrists in 2017.Methods: A standardized survey form developed by Morgan er al. was distributed to Swedish optometrists usingtheir professional organizations, optometry chains, direct email, and by hand directly. They were asked to fill out theform for the next ten contact lens patients after receiving the survey. Information was collected regarding the dayof fitting, age, sex, lens material, design, frequency of replacement, wear frequency, modality and type of caresystem. A weighting system is employed to account for the volume of activity undertaken by the respondents,calculated by the time period required to achieve 10 fits. All the forms and data were analyzed at the University of Manchester.Results: 57 forms were returned, including 562 fits. The mean age of the patients was 37 yrs, and 65 % were female.83 % were fitted for full-time wear and 27 % were managed as new fits. Soft contact lenses is the most fitted modalityand represents 97.8 % of all new fits and 93.6 % of all refits. Rigid contact lens fits represents therefore in grand total5.3 % with 2.2 % of the new fits and 6.4 % of the refits. About two-thirds of soft lenses prescribed were siliconehydrogels. Of the different designs, spherical lenses were most widely fitted, with toric lenses on at least one eyecoming right after. Extended wear accounts for 10.6 % of the fittings. Multi-purpose solutions were the most popularregimen prescribed at 99.4 %.Conclusions: When compared with data from Norway and Denmark, it is evident that daily disposables are morepopular in these countries (74 %), whereas in Sweden it is monthly replacements (58 %). Otherwise, the results aresimilar to what has been reported from other parts of the world.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Oskar, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in Swedish Contact Lens Prescribing 2017
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science. - : Linnaeus University. - 1891-0882 .- 1891-0890. ; 12:1, s. 5-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The purpose was to evaluate the trends of contact lens prescribing among Swedish optometrists in 2017.Materials and Methods: A standardized survey form was distributed to Swedish optometrists using their professional organisations, optometry chains, direct email, and by hand directly. They were asked to fill out the form for the ten contact lens fits performed after receipt of the survey form. Information was collected regarding age and sex of patient, fit/refit, lens design and material, modality and solution prescribed.Results: 57 forms were returned detailing 562 fits. The mean age of the patients was 37 yrs, and 65 % were female. 83 % were fitted for full-time wear and 27 % were managed as new fits. 94.7 % were soft contact lens fits and silicone hydrogel was the dominating material.Conclusions: When compared with data from Norway and Denmark, it is evident that daily disposables are more popular in these countries (74 %), whereas in Sweden it is monthly replacements (58 %). Otherwise, the results are similar to what has been reported from other parts of the world.
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| 6. |
- Sävneby, Anna, 1985-
(författare)
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Reverse genetic studies of Enterovirus replication
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Enteroviruses belong to the Picornaviridae family and are small icosahedral viruses with RNA genomes of positive polarity, containing a single open reading frame. They mostly cause mild or asymptomatic infections, but also a wide array of diseases including: poliomyelitis, encephalitis, gastroenteritis, aseptic meningitis, myocarditis, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, hepatitis and respiratory diseases, ranging from severe infections to the common cold. The projects described in this thesis have been carried out through reverse genetic studies of Enterovirus B and Rhinovirus C. In Papers I and II, a cassette vector was used to study recombination and translation of the RNA genome. It was found that the non-structural coding region could replicate when combined with the structural protein-coding region of other viruses of the same species. Furthermore, the genome could be translated and replicated without the presence of the structural protein-coding region. Moreover, it was found that when two additional nucleotides were introduced, shifting the reading frame, the virus could revert to the original reading frame, restoring efficient replication. In Paper III, a vector containing the genome of echovirus 5 was altered to produce an authentic 5’end of the in vitro transcribed RNA, which increased efficiency of replication initiation 20 times. This result is important, as it may lead to more efficient oncolytic virotherapy. An authentic 5’end was further used in Paper IV, where replication of Rhinovirus C in cell lines was attempted. Although passaging of the virus was unsuccessful, the genome was replicated and cytopathic effect induced after transfection. The restriction of efficient replication was therefore hypothesized to lie in the attachment and entry stages of the replication cycle. In Paper V, a cytolytic virus was found to have almost 10 times larger impact on gene expression of the host cell than a non-cytolytic variant. Furthermore, the lytic virus was found to build up inside the host cell, while the non-cytolytic virus was efficiently released. As a whole, this thesis has contributed to a deeper understanding of replication of enteroviruses, which may prove important in development of novel vaccines, antiviral agents and oncolytic virotherapies.
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