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- Carlsen, Hanne Krage, et al.
(författare)
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Respiratory health among professionals exposed to extreme SO2 levels from a volcanic eruption.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 1795-990X .- 0355-3140. ; 45:3, s. 312-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The Holuhraun eruption of fall and winter 2014-15 produced large amounts of sulfur dioxide (SO 2). The aim of this study was to determine if exposure to extreme SO 2levels affected the health of individuals working at the eruption site. Methods During January‒March 2015, earth scientists, technicians, and law enforcement personnel who were about to work at the eruption site were invited to a respiratory health examination. Symptom reports and lung function measures, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were collected before and after an eruption site visit. Those with previous exposure (N=27) reported symptoms retrospectively. Results Altogether, 41 individuals were invited to participate, 32 underwent a clinical examination at a hospital respiratory health clinic (baseline); 27 reported symptoms during earlier visits to the eruption site (retrospective symptom reports), 17 were re-examined 1-6 days after visiting the eruption site (follow-up). All participants' lung function was within normal range both before and after exposure. At baseline, average FEV 1was 107.4% of predicted versus 106.6 at follow-up (P =0.82); average FVC was 107.0% of predicted at baseline versus 107.4% at follow-up (P=0.35). Eye and nasal irritation were more frequently reported during eruption site exposure by 24% versus 6% (P =0.37) for both. Conclusion Although "healthy-worker" effects cannot be excluded, our data indicate that SO 2exposure was associated with relatively mild and transient respiratory symptoms with no clinical signs of airway inflammation or airway obstruction.
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- Gislason, Thorsteinn, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of frontotemporal dementia in the elderly
- 2015
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 11:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is believed to be rare in the elderly, and the influence of different criteria on the prevalence of FTD is unclear. METHODS: Population-based samples of 70- to 95-year-olds (n = 2462) in Gothenburg, Sweden, underwent neuropsychiatric examinations. Behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) was diagnosed according to the International Behavioural Variant FTD Criteria Consortium (FTDC), the Frontotemporal Lobe Degeneration Consensus criteria, and the Lund-Manchester Research Criteria. A subset (n = 1074) underwent computerized tomography (CT) of the brain. RESULTS: The prevalence of bvFTD varied between 0.2% and 0.5% at age 70 to 79 years, between 2.5% and 3.6% at age 80 to 89 years, and between 1.7% and 2.2% at age 90 to 95 years. The agreement between different criteria was low to moderate (κ = 0.20-0.42). Among those with bvFTD according to FTDC, 93.3% had frontal and/or temporal lobar atrophy on CT, compared with 12.6% of those without bvFTD (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of bvFTD was higher than expected in this population. To a large extent, different criteria captured different individuals.
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- Gislason, Thorsteinn
(författare)
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Frontotemporal dementia in late life: Prevalence, risk factors and mortality
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aims: The overall aim of this thesis was to increase knowledge about late-life behavior variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). One aim was to estimate the prevalence of bvFTD among older adults and to determine the agreement between different bvFTD criteria. Further aims were to study the correlation between bvFTD and frontal lobe atrophy (on CT) and to explore non-genetic risk factors and mortality in bvFTD among older adults. Methods: Population-based samples of 70 to 95-year-olds (N=2404) from Gothenburg, Sweden, underwent neuropsychiatric examinations and key informant interviews performed by neuropsychiatrists or psychiatric research nurses in 1986-2001. A subset (n=1074) underwent CT of the brain. BvFTD was diagnosed according to the International bvFTD Criteria Consortium (FTDC) and according to two other bvFTD criteria sets (FTLD-CC and LMRC). An exploratory nested case-control study examined potential risk factors among bvFTD cases, one control group without dementia and one with non-FTD dementia according to DSM-III-R. Mortality associated with bvFTD was compared to mortality among comparison groups with non-FTD dementia (DSM-III-R) and no dementia. Results: The prevalence of bvFTD varied between 0.2-0.5% at age 70-79, between 2.5-3.6% at age 80-89, and between 1.7-2.2% at age 90-95. To a large extent, different FTD criteria captured different individuals. Among those with bvFTD, 80% had frontal lobe atrophy on CT, compared to 9% of those without bvFTD. Alcohol abuse, stroke/TIA, head trauma, hypothyroidism, and being divorced were associated with increased odds of bvFTD. A diagnosis of bvFTD was associated with higher risk of death than a diagnosis of non-FTD dementias, especially among the oldest old. Conclusions: The findings suggest that bvFTD is more prevalent among older adults than previously supposed. The findings on risk factors have implications for future studies into the etiology of bvFTD, and ultimately, for prevention. Finally, it is important that clinicians are aware of this diagnosis among older adults, as it associated with a more aggressive course than other late-life dementias.
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