| 1. |
- Hallberg, Ingalill R., et al.
(författare)
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Satisfaction with nursing care and work during a year of clinical supervision and individualized care : Comparison between two wards for the care of severely demented patients
- 1993
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Management. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0966-0429 .- 1365-2834. ; 1:6, s. 297-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An intervention study was set up to explore the effects of the implementation of planned individualized care and regular systematic clinical supervision regarding nurses' degree of satisfaction with nursing care and work. All nurses on two similar wards caring for severely demented patients participated as experimental ward (EW) (n= 19) and control ward (CW) (n=20). Data were collected before intervention and at 6 months and 12 months during intervention, by means of a questionnaire developed in Sweden which assesses aspects of satisfaction with nursing care and work. Analysis was performed by means of principal component analysis, Wilcoxon rank sum test and Friedman two-way ANOVA. The baseline data showed no significant differences in the responses from the nurses on the two wards; they were found to be more satisfied than dissatisfied with their job although recognition from management was poor. During the intervention, the experimental ward nurses' experience of praise, professional growth, autonomy and quality of care, as well as their feeling of co-operation with colleagues and comfort improved significantly, while no changes occurred on the control ward. The quality of the written documentation on patients' needs and care improved significantly, and the experimental ward nurses also rejected significantly more strongly that their knowledge about patients and work was unsatisfactory. Their improved satisfaction with nursing care and work was believed to be related to the support they received in cognitive and emotional coping, the possibility of reflective learning and the change in management style associated with intervention.
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| 6. |
- Lundin, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic properties of antiuterotonic oxytocin analogs in the rat
- 1993
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Ingår i: Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. - 1521-0103. ; 264:2, s. 783-788
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic properties were evaluated in a series of antiuterotonic oxytocin analogs, modified at positions 1, 2, 4, 8 and, in one case, position 9 of the oxytocin (OT) molecule. [Mpa1,D-Tyr2(Et),Val4,Orn8,desGly9]-OT, [Mpa1,Tyr2(Et),Val4,Orn8]-OT and [Mpa1,D-Tyr2,Val4,Orn8]-OT displayed similar plasma clearance rates (Clps) using the constant infusion method in rats. Two analogs, [Mpa1,D-Tyr2(Et),Val4,Orn8]-OT and, particularly, [Mpa1,D-Tyr2(Et),Thr4,Orn8]-OT, were cleared at significantly higher rates compared with the others. [Mpa1, D-Tyr2(Et), Val4, Orn8]-OT and [Mpa1, D-Tyr2(Et), Thr4, Orn8, desGly9]-OT were most potent in eliciting a short-term in vivo antiuterotonic effect, whereas the duration of effect was longest for [Mpa1, D-Tyr2, Val4, Orn8]-OT and [Mpa1, D-Tyr2(Et), Thr4, Orn8, desGly9]-OT. The Clp of [Mpa1, D-Tyr2, Val4, Orn8]-OT was similar regardless of the infusion rate. No relationship between antiuterotonic effect and Clp of the five peptides could be demonstrated, and no significant linear correlation between Clp and effect duration was found. The apparent volumes of distribution for the present analogs were 10-fold larger than the blood volume, a finding to be considered when measuring in vivo antagonistic activity. The 24-h urinary excretion ranged from 14.3 to 25.6% of the i.v. dose and was negatively correlated with peptide lipophilicity. It is concluded that, in addition to diverging pharmacologic properties, peptide analogs may differ markedly in kinetic parameters like Clp, volumes of distribution and urinary excretion despite minor molecular modifications.
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