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- Johnson, Mats, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term medication for ADHD and development of cognitive functions in children and adolescents
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychiatric Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3956. ; 142, s. 204-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Long-term effects of ADHD medication on cognitive functions are not well known. This study investigates development of cognitive functions and ADHD symptoms on well-controlled medication for 1 year in children and adolescents. Study design: This study is part of an ongoing open uncontrolled trial of long-term medication for ADHD in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years with any form of ADHD, and frequently comorbid autism spectrum disorder (ASD, 29%) or autistic traits (24%). Other comorbidities were oppositional defiant disorder, dyslexia/ language disorder, borderline intellectual functioning, developmental coordination disorder. This analysis includes 87 participants (61 boys, 26 girls) who completed Wechsler tests at baseline and after 12 months. ADHD symptoms were investigator-rated on the ADHD Rating Scale-IV at the same time points. Results: The whole group of children and adolescents showed significant improvements in Wechsler Full Scale IQ (FSIQ, mean at baseline 92.6, at 12 months 97.95), and on the Index Scales Verbal Comprehension, Working Memory and Processing Speed, after one year of well-controlled ADHD medication. Comorbid dyslexia/language impairment predicted a larger rise in FSIQ, but not gender, ADHD presentation or comorbid ASD. Robust improvements in ADHD symptoms were observed (mean ADHD-Rating Scale score at baseline 34.6, and at 12 months 18.3). Conclusions: Cognitive test scores and ADHD symptoms were improved on well-controlled medication for 1 year in children and adolescents with ADHD, autism and other comorbidities. The main study limitation is the open uncontrolled trial design.
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| 2. |
- Lisovski, Simeon, et al.
(författare)
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The Indo-European flyway : Opportunities and constraints reflected by Common Rosefinches breeding across Europe
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 0305-0270 .- 1365-2699. ; 48:6, s. 1255-1266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The configuration of the earth's landmasses influences global weather systems and spatiotemporal resource availability, thereby shaping biogeographical patterns and migratory routes of animals. Here, we aim to identify potential migratory barriers and corridors, as well as general migration strategies within the understudied Indo-European flyway. Location Europe, Central Asia. Major taxon studied Common rosefinches.Methods: We used a combination of theoretical optimization modelling and empirical tracking of Common Rosefinches (Carpodacus erythrinus) breeding across a large latitudinal gradient in Europe. First, we identified optimal migration routes driven by wind and resource availability along the Indo-European flyway. Second, we tracked rosefinches from five breeding populations using light-level geolocators. Finally, we compared to what extent empirical tracks overlapped with the modelled optimal routes.Results: In autumn, theoretical wind driven migration routes formed a broad-front corridor connecting Europe and the Indian Subcontinent while the theoretical resource driven routes formed a distinct north-south divide. The latter pattern also reflected the rosefinch tracks with all but the most southerly breeding birds making a northern detour towards non-breeding sites in Pakistan and India. In spring, the resource availability model predicted a similar migratory divide, however, the southern route seemed relatively more favourable and closely matched with the optimal wind driven migration routes. Spring tracking data showed larger overlap with the modelled wind driven migration routes compared to the resource driven routes.Main conclusions: Optimal wind and resource driven migration routes along the Indo-European flyway are seasonally specific and to a large extend do not overlap with one another. Under these conditions, migratory birds adopt seasonally distinct migration strategies following energy minimization strategy in autumn, driven by resource availability, and time minimizing strategy in spring, driven by wind conditions. Our optimal migration models can be applied worldwide and used to validate against empirical data to explain large-scale biogeographic pattern of migratory animals.
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| 3. |
- Wernersson, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid measurement of heteronuclear transverse relaxation rates using non-uniformly sampled R1ρ accordion experiments
- 2021
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Ingår i: Magnetic Resonance. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 2699-0016. ; 2:2, s. 571-587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multidimensional, heteronuclear NMR relaxation methods are used extensively to characterize the dynamics of biological macromolecules. Acquisition of relaxation datasets on proteins typically requires significant measurement time, often several days. Accordion spectroscopy offers a powerful means to shorten relaxation rate measurements by encoding the “relaxation dimension” into the indirect evolution period in multidimensional experiments. Time savings can also be achieved by non-uniform sampling (NUS) of multidimensional NMR data, which is used increasingly to improve spectral resolution or increase sensitivity per unit time. However, NUS is not commonly implemented in relaxation experiments, because most reconstruction algorithms are inherently nonlinear, leading to problems when estimating signal intensities, relaxation rate constants and their error bounds. We have previously shown how to avoid these shortcomings by combining accordion spectroscopy with NUS, followed by data reconstruction using sparse exponential mode analysis, thereby achieving a dramatic decrease in the total length of longitudinal relaxation experiments. Here, we present the corresponding transverse relaxation experiment, taking into account the special considerations required for its successful implementation in the framework of the accordion-NUS approach. We attain the highest possible precision in the relaxation rate constants by optimizing the NUS scheme with respect to the Cramér-Rao lower bound of the variance of the estimated parameter, given the total number of sampling points and the spectrum-specific signal characteristics. The resulting accordion-NUS R1ρ relaxation experiment achieves comparable precision in the parameter estimates compared to conventional CPMG (Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill) R2 or spin-lock R1ρ experiments while saving an order of magnitude in experiment time.
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