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- Ciosek, Katarzyna, et al.
(författare)
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Energy storage activities in the Swedish hybrid vehicle centre
- 2009
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Ingår i: World Electric Vehicle Journal. - : MDPI AG. - 2032-6653. ; 3:4, s. 858-862, s. 2850-2854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Significant efforts are put worldwide on developing new concepts for vehicle propulsion with the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) being a prominent example. Hybrid technology is clearly a strategic future activity for automotive industries and in response to the rapid development in the area; the Swedish Hybrid Vehicle Centre (SHC) was formed in 2007 to join forces between Swedish industry and academia in the field. The centre emphasizes a holistic view to meet the environmental and societal needs with new technological solutions. The research within SHC is currently divided into three different themes whereof we here describe the Energy Storage theme with emphasis on the activities carried out at the involved universities in the current main project areas: Cell Properties, Electrode Materials and Electrolyte Additives. Examples are given on how these projects attacks the problems at hand separately, but also how we create synergy effects between the projects. As an example cell modelling is performed given a specific chemistry and cycling scheme, the same parameters are used for electrochemical experiments which provide macroscopic data that are connected with molecular level actions in the electrodes, the electrolyte, and the interfaces. All this is done using our base-line chemistry and a subsequent route is to investigate the role of different additives to overcome the limitations that are observed.
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- Holber, Mikael, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Raman investigation of degradation and ageing effects in fuel cell membranes
- 2009
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Ingår i: ECS Transactions. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1938-5862 .- 1938-6737. - 9781566777384 ; 25:1 PART 1, s. 807-811
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased life-time of the proton conducting membrane of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells is the key to improve the endurance of fuel cell stacks. Here we present a Raman spectroscopy investigation of a fully fluorinated sulfonated membrane from a 1500h FC steady-state experiment compared with Nafion® membranes aged in hydrogen peroxide and Fenton's solution. The latter approach as an attempt to develop a screening method based on accelerated ageing. In all membranes degradation is evident. The Raman results of the fuel cell tested membrane demonstrate a loss of functional sulfonic acid groups throughout the membrane. The accelerated ageing, on the other hand, results in degradation readily observed: e.g. loss of polymer material, opaque areas, and brittleness. Notably, the relative concentration of functional sulfonic groups stays constant, indicating that the accelerated ageing methods primarily attack the backbone of the membrane. ©The Electrochemical Society.
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- Holomb, Roman, et al.
(författare)
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Ionic liquid structure: the conformational isomerism in 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4])
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Raman Spectroscopy. - : Wiley. - 0377-0486 .- 1097-4555. ; 39:7, s. 793-805
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a probe of local structure, the vibrational properties of the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [bmim][BF4] ionic liquid were studied by infrared (IR), Raman spectroscopy, and ab initio calculations. The coexistence of at least four [bmim]+ conformers (GG, GA, TA, and AA) at room temperature was established through unique spectral responses. The Raman modes characteristic of the two most stable [bmim] + conformers, GA and AA, according to the ab initio calculations, increase in intensity with decreasing temperature. To assess the total spectral behavior of the ionic liquid both the contributions of different [bmim] + conformers and the [bmim]+- [BF4]- interactions to the vibrational spectra are discussed.
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