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- Johansson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Tumor blood flow and the cytotoxic effects of estramustine and its constituents in a rat glioma model
- 1997
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Ingår i: Neurosurgery. - : Oxford University Press. - 0148-396X .- 1524-4040. ; 41:1, s. 237-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Estramustine (EaM) is a conjugate of nor-nitrogen mustard (NNM) and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) that has cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effects on experimental malignant glioma. Its mechanism of action is only partly understood. To further investigate the mechanism in vivo, the effects on tumor blood flow (TBF) and tumor growth were analyzed.METHODS: TBF was measured by radioactive microspheres, and tumor growth was measured by weight. Apoptosis was evaluated by in situ end labeling and gel electrophoresis. The effects of the constituents NNM and E2 were also evaluated.RESULTS: EaM increased TBF to 153.8 ml/100 g/min after 3 days and to 153.9 ml/100 g/min after 10 days of treatment, compared with 94.0 ml/100 g/min in untreated controls. Cerebral blood flow did not change after EaM treatment. NNM increased TBF but also showed a tendency to increase cerebral blood flow. E2 increased TBF, whereas cerebral blood flow was unchanged. EaM resulted in a rapid reduction in tumor weight from 230 mg in untreated animals to 146 mg after 3 days of treatment. EaM induced an early transient fragmentation of deoxyribonucleic acid in glioma but not in the normal brain. Neither NNM nor E2 affected tumor weight.CONCLUSION: EaM increases TBF in the BT4C rat glioma model with a concomitant rapid antitumoral effect. The increase in TBF could partially be induced by an estrogen-like action of EaM, but the rapid cytotoxic effect of the drug is obviously attributed to the intact EaM compound. This cytotoxic effect might be attributable to the induction of programmed cell death.
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| 4. |
- Törngren, Martin, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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A mechatronics test-bed for embedded distributed real-time control systems
- 1997
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Ingår i: Proceedings of IFAC workshop on Algorithms and Architectures in real-time control systems.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A testbed has been developed to be used for research in distributed real-time control systems.The testbed is modular both in mechanics and in control system, allowing a number of robot configurations,control system structures and execution strategies to be implemented and evaluated. The nodes of thecontrol system are currently based on a microprocessor, CAN communication, interfaces to analog anddigital I/O, and motor drive units. The modularity of the nodes allows changes of I/O and communicationsystem, as well as the implementation of different resource structures. To give an idea of the experimentalcapabilities of the testbed, initial experiments in the area of time-varying control systems are described.The research goals include design and experimental evaluation of execution strategies, time-varying controlsystems and development tools for real-time implementation support.
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