| 31. |
- Dewhurst, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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How task demands influence scanpath similarity in a sequential number-search task
- 2018
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Ingår i: Vision Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-5646 .- 0042-6989. ; , s. 9-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- More and more researchers are considering the omnibus eye movement sequence—the scanpath—in their studies of visual and cognitive processing (e.g. Hayes, Petrov, & Sederberg, 2011; Madsen, Larson, Loschky, & Rebello, 2012; Ni et al., 2011; von der Malsburg & Vasishth, 2011). However, it remains unclear how recent methods for comparing scanpaths perform in experiments producing variable scanpaths, and whether these methods supplement more traditional analyses of individual oculomotor statistics. We address this problem for MultiMatch (Jarodzka et al., 2010; Dewhurst et al., 2012), evaluating its performance with a visual search-like task in which participants must fixate a series of target numbers in a prescribed order. This task should produce predictable sequences of fixations and thus provide a testing ground for scanpath measures. Task difficulty was manipulated by making the targets more or less visible through changes in font and the presence of distractors or visual noise. These changes in task demands led to slower search and more fixations. Importantly, they also resulted in a reduction in the between-subjects scanpath similarity, demonstrating that participants’ gaze patterns became more heterogenous in terms of saccade length and angle, and fixation position. This implies a divergent strategy or random component to eye-movement behaviour which increases as the task becomes more difficult. Interestingly, the duration of fixations along aligned vectors showed the opposite pattern, becoming more similar between observers in 2 of the 3 difficulty manipulations. This provides important information for vision scientists who may wish to use scanpath metrics to quantify variations in gaze across a spectrum of perceptual and cognitive tasks. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
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| 32. |
- Dreij, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer Risk Assessment of Airborne PAHs Based on in Vitro Mixture Potency Factors
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 51:15, s. 8805-8814
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common environmental pollutants associated with adverse human health effects including cancer. However, the risk of exposure to mixtures is difficult to estimate, and risk assessment by whole mixture potency evaluations has been suggested. To facilitate this, reliable in vitro based testing systems are necessary. Here, we investigated if activation of DNA damage signaling in vitro could be an endpoint for developing whole mixture potency factors (MPFs) for airborne PAHs. Activation of DNA damage signaling was assessed by phosphorylation of Chid and H2AX using Western blotting. To validate the in vitro approach, potency factors were determined for seven individual PAHs which were in very good agreement with established potency factors based on cancer data in vivo. Applying the method using Stockholm air PAH samples indicated MPFs with orders of magnitude higher carcinogenic potency than predicted by established in vivo-based potency factors. Applying the MPFs in cancer risk assessment suggested that 45.4 (6% of all) cancer cases per year in Stockholm are due to airborne PAHs. Applying established models resulted in <1 cancer case per year, which is far from expected levels. We conclude that our in vitro based approach for establishing MPFs could be a novel method to assess whole mixture samples of airborne PAHs to improve health risk assessment.
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| 33. |
- Edgren, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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"Vi äro blott vanliga arbetare" : Arbetarföreningen i Malmö av 1851
- 2016
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Ingår i: I ständig rörelse : mellan arbete, kultur och didaktik. En vänbok till Lars Berggren - mellan arbete, kultur och didaktik. En vänbok till Lars Berggren. - 9789163922848 ; , s. 27-43
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Erlingsdottir, Gudbjörg, et al.
(författare)
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Lost in Translation? Care Coordination cross Contexts in Swedish Homecare Nursing
- 2019
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Ingår i: Context Sensitive Health Informatics : Sustainability in Dynamic Ecosystems - Sustainability in Dynamic Ecosystems. - 0926-9630 .- 1879-8365. - 9781643680040 - 9781643680040 ; 265, s. 42-47
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The responsibilities for delivery of care in Sweden is divided between the regions and the municipalities. The regions run the hospitals and the primary care centres (PCCs) whereas the municipalities are responsible for homecare nursing and nursing homes. The homecare nurses and the doctors they need to seek advice from, thus belong to different organizations/contexts. As more patients with multi- and long-term illnesses are taken care of in their homes the workload of the homecare nurses has increased. A new healthcare agreement has thus been signed between a region in South Sweden and its municipalities. The healthcare agreement states that doctors from the PCCs are to form mobile teams together with the homecare nurses. This paper reports from a pre-study investigating how the agreement, in terms of translation sociology, is interpreted in four of the municipalities. The aim of the research project as a whole is to develop digital support systems for the mobile teams.
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| 36. |
- Freiburghaus, Catja, et al.
(författare)
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Bortezomib prevents cytarabine resistance in MCL, which is characterized by down-regulation of dCK and up-regulation of SPIB resulting in high NF-κB activity
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The addition of high-dose cytarabine to the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has significantly prolonged survival of patients, but relapses are common and are normally associated with increased resistance. To elucidate the mechanisms responsible for cytarabine resistance, and to create a tool for drug discovery investigations, we established a unique and molecularly reproducible cytarabine resistant model from the Z138 MCL cell line.METHODS: Effects of different substances on cytarabine-sensitive and resistant cells were evaluated by assessment of cell proliferation using [methyl-14C]-thymidine incorporation and molecular changes were investigated by protein and gene expression analyses.RESULTS: Gene expression profiling revealed that major transcriptional changes occur during the initial phase of adaptation to cellular growth in cytarabine containing media, and only few key genes, including SPIB, are deregulated upon the later development of resistance. Resistance was shown to be mediated by down-regulation of the deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) protein, responsible for activation of nucleoside analogue prodrugs. This key event, emphasized by cross-resistance to other nucleoside analogues, did not only effect resistance but also levels of SPIB and NF-κB, as assessed through forced overexpression in resistant cells. Thus, for the first time we show that regulation of drug resistance through prevention of conversion of pro-drug into active drug are closely linked to increased proliferation and resistance to apoptosis in MCL. Using drug libraries, we identify several substances with growth reducing effect on cytarabine resistant cells. We further hypothesized that co-treatment with bortezomib could prevent resistance development. This was confirmed and show that the dCK levels are retained upon co-treatment, indicating a clinical use for bortezomib treatment in combination with cytarabine to avoid development of resistance. The possibility to predict cytarabine resistance in diagnostic samples was assessed, but analysis show that a majority of patients have moderate to high expression of dCK at diagnosis, corresponding well to the initial clinical response to cytarabine treatment.CONCLUSION: We show that cytarabine resistance potentially can be avoided or at least delayed through co-treatment with bortezomib, and that down-regulation of dCK and up-regulation of SPIB and NF-κB are the main molecular events driving cytarabine resistance development.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Göhler, Stella, et al.
(författare)
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Functional germline variants in driver genes of breast cancer
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - Dordrecht : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 28:4, s. 259-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Germline mutations in tumour suppressor genes cause various cancers. These genes are also somatically mutated in sporadic tumours. We hypothesized that there may also be cancer-related germline variants in the genes commonly mutated in sporadic breast tumours. Methods: After excluding the well-characterized breast cancer (BC) genes, we screened 15 novel genes consistently classified as BC driver genes in next-generation sequencing approaches for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Altogether 40 SNPs located in the core promoter, 5′- and 3′-UTR or which were nonsynonymous SNPs were genotyped in 782 Swedish incident BC cases and 1,559 matched controls. After statistical analyses, further evaluations related to functional prediction and signatures of selection were performed. Results: TBX3 was associated with BC risk (rs2242442: OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.64–0.92, dominant model) and with less aggressive tumour characteristics. An association with BC survival and aggressive tumour characteristics was detected for the genes ATR (rs2227928: HR = 1.63; 95% CI 1.00–2.64, dominant model), RUNX1 (rs17227210: HR = 3.50, 95% CI 1.42–8.61, recessive model) and TTN (rs2303838: HR = 2.36; 95% CI 1.04–5.39; rs2042996: HR = 2.28; 95% CI 1.19–4.37, recessive model). According to the experimental ENCODE data all these SNPs themselves or SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium with them (r2 ≥ 0.80) were located in regulatory regions. RUNX1 and TTN showed also several signatures of positive selection. Conclusion: The study gave evidence that germline variants in BC driver genes may have impact on BC risk and/or survival. Future studies could discover further germline variants in known or so far unknown driver genes which contribute to cancer development.
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| 39. |
- Göhler, Stella, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of functional germline variants and a deletion polymorphism in APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B on breast cancer risk and survival in a Swedish study population
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. - : Springer. - 0171-5216 .- 1432-1335. ; 142:1, s. 273-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The C -> T mutation signature caused by APOBEC family members contributes to the development of breast cancer (BC). Also overexpression of APOBEC3B and a similar to 29. 5-kb deletion polymorphism between APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B have been associated with increased BC risk. Methods: We investigated in a population-based study, with 782 Swedish BC cases and 1559 controls, associations between potentially functional germline variants in APOBEC3A or APOBEC3B gene and BC risk and survival. Additionally, we identified deletion polymorphism carriers and explored possible associations with BC. Results: No evidence of association between any germline variant, including the deletion polymorphism, and BC risk or survival was observed. Only APOBEC3A promoter polymorphism rs5757402 was associated with low stage (OR = 0.69, 95 % CI 0.50-0.96, dominant model). Conclusion: The reported association between the deletion polymorphism and BC risk was not confirmed in the Swedish population, nor did any genotyped germline variant show any association with BC risk or survival.
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| 40. |
- Haas, Rüdiger, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Status of the Onsala Twin Telescopes – One Year After the Inauguration
- 2019
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Ingår i: IVS 2018 General Meeting Proceedings "Global Geodesy and the Role of VGOS – Fundamental to Sustainable Development". ; NASA/CP-2019-219039, s. 17-19
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We briefly describe the status of the Onsala twin telescopes and the experience gained since the official inauguration in May 2017.
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