| 1. |
- Borg, Tor, et al.
(författare)
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Mått på bostadsbristen : Förslag på hur återkommande bedömningar ska utföras
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Boverket fick i juni 2019 i uppdrag av regeringen att lämna förslag på hur återkommande bedömningar av bostadsbristen ska utföras samt att lämna förslag på enhetliga begrepp som ska användas vid kommunikation kring bostadsbristen. Avsikten är att de presenterade beräkningarna ska kunna användas i arbetet med bostadsförsörjningsfrågor och underlätta arbetet med att planera, utföra och följa upp insatser för att åtgärda bostadsbristen. Boverket har tagit fram en årlig beräkningsmodell där antalet hushåll som saknar en rimlig bostad beräknas på både nationell, regional och lokal nivå. Vad som är en rimlig bostad definieras enligt en uppsättning kriterier och normer. Kvantitativa mått visar hur många hushåll som har en boendesituation som inte uppfyller de olika kriterierna. Samråd har skett med Sveriges Kommuner och Regioner (SKR) samt med Socialstyrelsen under uppdragets gång. Båda anser att de givits utrymme att framföra sin mening och har förklarat sig nöjda med samrådet. Avstämningar har också gjorts med en rad andra aktörer. Denna rapport utgör Boverkets slutredovisning av uppdraget. Rapporten har tagits fram av en projektgrupp bestående av Tor Borg, Bengt J Eriksson, Oskar Gramstad, Ulla-Christel Götherström, Hans Jonsson, Bo Söderberg och Hang Zettervall, med den förstnämnda som projektledare.
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| 2. |
- Borgmästars, Emmy, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating tissue polypeptide-specific antigen in pre-diagnostic pancreatic cancer samples
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI. - 2072-6694. ; 13:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is challenging, and late diagnosis partly explains the low 5-year survival. Novel and sensitive biomarkers are needed to enable early PDAC detection and improve patient outcomes. Tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) has been studied as a biomarker in PDAC diagnostics, and it has previously been shown to reflect clinical status better than the ‘golden standard’ biomarker carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) that is most widely used in the clinical setting. In this cross-sectional case-control study using pre-diagnostic plasma samples, we aim to evaluate the potential of TPS as a biomarker for early PDAC detection. Furthermore, in a subset of individuals with multiple samples available at different time points before diagnosis, a longitudinal analysis was used. We assessed plasma TPS levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 267 pre-diagnostic PDAC plasma samples taken up to 18.8 years before clinical PDAC diagnosis and in 320 matched healthy controls. TPS levels were also assessed in 25 samples at PDAC diagnosis. Circulating TPS levels were low both in pre-diagnostic samples of future PDAC patients and in healthy controls, whereas TPS levels at PDAC diagnosis were significantly increased (odds ratio 1.03; 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.05) in a logistic regression model adjusted for age. In conclusion, TPS levels increase late in PDAC progression and hold no potential as a biomarker for early detection.
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| 3. |
- Borgmästars, Emmy, 1990-
(författare)
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In search of early biomarkers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using multi-omics and bioinformatics
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a very aggressive malignancy with a 5-year survival of 10 %. Surgery is the only curative treatment. Unfortunately, few patients are eligible for surgery due to late detection. Thus, we need ways to detect the disease at an earlier stage and for that good screening biomarkers could be used. Previous studies have analyzed circulating analytes in prospective studies to identify early PDAC signals. One such class is microRNAs (miRNAs). MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs of around 22 nucleotides that act as post- transcriptional regulators by interaction with messenger RNAs (mRNAs). The function of a miRNA can be elucidated by target prediction, to identify its potential targets, followed by enrichment analysis of the predicted targets. Challenges with this approach includes a lot of false positives being generated and that miRNAs can perform their role in a tissue- or disease-specific manner. Other classes of analytes that have previously been studied in prospective PDAC cohorts are metabolites and proteins. Aims: This thesis has three aims. First, to build a miRNA functional analysis pipeline with correlation support between miRNA and its predicted target genes. Second, to identify potential circulating biomarkers for early detection of PDAC using multi-omics. Third, to identify potential prognostic metabolites in a prospective PDAC cohort.Methods: We used publicly available data from the cancer genome atlas-pancreatic adenocarcinoma (TCGA-PAAD) and pre-diagnostic plasma samples from the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. We built a pipeline in R including miRNA, mRNA, and protein expression data from TCGA-PAAD for in silico miRNA functional analysis. Pre- diagnostic plasma samples from future PDAC patients as well as matched healthy controls were analyzed using multi- omics. Tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) was analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in 267 future PDAC samples and 320 healthy controls. Metabolomics and clinical biomarkers (carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and CA 15-3) were profiled in 100 future PDAC samples and 100 healthy controls using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS), gas chromatography-MS, and multi-plex technology. Of these, a subset of 39 future PDAC patients and 39 healthy controls were profiled for 2083 microRNAs using targeted sequencing and 644 proteins using proximity extension assays. Circulating levels of multi-omics analytes were analyzed using conditional or unconditional logistic regression. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) in combination with 500 bootstrap iterations identified the most informative variables. The prognostic value of metabolites was assessed using cox regression. Multi-omics factor analysis (MOFA) and data integration analysis for biomarker discovery using latent components (DIABLO) were used for multi-omics integration analyses.Results: An automated pipeline was built consisting of 1) miRNA target prediction, 2) correlation analyses between miRNA and its targets on mRNA and protein expression levels, and 3) functional enrichment of correlated targets to identify enriched Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways and gene ontology (GO) terms for a specific miRNA. The pipeline was run for all microRNAs (~700) detected in the TCGA-PAAD cohort. These results can be downloaded from a shiny app (https://emmbor.shinyapps.io/mirfa/). TPS was not altered in pre-diagnostic PDAC patients up to 24 years prior to diagnosis, but increased at diagnosis (OR = 1.03, 95 % CI: 1.01-1.05). Internal area under curves of 0.74, 0.80, and 0.88 were achieved for five metabolites, two proteins, and two miRNAs that were selected by LASSO and bootstrap iterations, in combination with CA 19-9. Neither MOFA nor DIABLO separated well between future PDAC cases and healthy controls. Conclusions: Our bioinformatics pipeline for in silico functional analysis of microRNAs successfully identifies enriched KEGG pathways and GO terms for miRNA isoforms. The investigated plasma samples are heterogeneous, but among the analyzed variables, we identified five metabolites, two proteins, and two microRNAs with highest potential for early PDAC detection. CA 19-9 levels increased closer to diagnosis. We identified five fatty acids that could be studied in a diagnostic PDAC cohort as prognostic biomarkers.
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| 4. |
- Carlsson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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A hundred days in confinement : Doing, being, becoming, and belonging among older people in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1442-7591 .- 2158-1576. ; 29:3, s. 402-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: When and how people were able to engage in everyday occupations changed suddenly with the coronavirus pandemic. Defined as a risk group due to their age, people 70 years and older in Sweden experienced confinement, as did older adults globally. Aim: To explore how doing, being, becoming, and belonging as dimensions of occupation were manifested in the lives of Swedish people 70 years or older, 100 days into the coronavirus pandemic. Method: Data were elicited through semi-structured interviews with 17 participants (11 women, 6 six men, mean age 76 years), living in ordinary housing in Sweden. Interviews were conducted in June 2020 as part of a larger longitudinal research project. A directed content analysis approach was used to analyse the data based on the occupational dimensions of doing, being, becoming, and belonging. Results: After 100 days of confinement, daily occupations had been changed, and habits and routines disrupted. However, the need to engage in occupations was strong. Participants expressed how they adapted their occupations to the restrictions, but also how their doing affected their well-being, further development, and opportunities for social interactions. Conclusion: The participants, who were older people without any specific diagnosis, reflected upon their daily occupations during an unrehearsed natural experiment when, more than anything else, the social environmental circumstances changed. The analysis elucidates how doing, being, becoming, and belonging is embedded in people’s lives. The study can serve as a foundation to further research on understanding people’s individual needs as occupational beings.
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| 5. |
- Ekelund Ugge, Gustaf Magnus Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of transcriptional biomarkers using a high-resolution regression approach : Concentration-dependence of selected transcripts in copper-exposed freshwater mussels (Anodonta anatina)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. - : Elsevier. - 1382-6689 .- 1872-7077. ; 90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We tested concentration-dependence of selected gene transcripts (cat, gst, hsp70, hsp90, mt and sod) for evaluation as biomarkers of chemical stress. Contrary to the common approach of factorial designs and few exposure concentrations, we used regression across a high-resolution concentration series. Specifically, freshwater mussels (Anodonta anatina) were acutely (96 h) exposed to Cu (13 nominal concentrations, measuring 0.13–1 600 µg/L), and transcripts were measured by RT-qPCR. In digestive glands, cat, hsp90 and mt decreased with water Cu (p < 0.05), but response magnitudes saturated at < 2-fold decreases. In gills, gst, hsp70, hsp90 and mt increased with water Cu (p < 0.05). While hsp70, hsp90 and mt exceeded 2-fold increases within the exposure range, high Cu concentrations were required (38–160 µg/L). Although gill responses were generally more robust compared to digestive glands, overall small response magnitudes and moderate sensitivity may set limit for potential application as general biomarkers of chemical stress.
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| 6. |
- Ekelund Ugge, Gustaf Magnus Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular biomarker responses in the freshwater mussel Anodonta anatina exposed to an industrial wastewater effluent
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 29:2, s. 2158-2170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a selection of molecular biomarkers, we evaluated responses in freshwater mussels (Anodonta anatina) exposed to effluent from an industrial wastewater treatment facility. The aims of this work were to (1) assess biomarkers of general toxicity under sublethal exposure to an anthropogenic mixture of chemicals, represented by an arbitrary effluent, and (2) evaluate the potential of A. anatina as a bioindicator of pollution. Adult mussels (n = in total 32; 24 males and 8 females) were exposed (96 h) in the laboratory to a fixed dilution of effluent or to a control treatment of standardized freshwater. Metal concentrations were in general higher in the effluent, by an order of magnitude or more, compared to the control. Toxic unit estimates were used as proxies of chemical stress, and Cu, Ni, and Zn were identified as potential major contributors (Cu> Ni > Zn). Six transcriptional (cat, gst, hsp70, hsp90, mt, sod) and two biochemical (AChE, GST) biomarkers were analyzed in two tissues, gills, and digestive glands. Out of the 16 responses (eight biomarkers x two tissues), 14 effect sizes were small (within +/- 28 % of control) and differences non-significant (p > 0.05). Results did however show that (1) AChE activity increased by 40% in gills of exposed mussels compared to control, (2) hsp90 expression was 100% higher in exposed female gills compared to control, and (3) three marker signals (AChE in both tissues, and hsp70 in gills) differed between sexes, independent of treatment. Results highlight a need for further investigation of molecular biomarker variability and robustness in A. anatina.
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| 7. |
- Ekelund Ugge, Gustaf Magnus Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Transcriptional and biochemical biomarker responses in a freshwater mussel (Anodonta anatina) under environmentally relevant Cu exposure
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 27:9, s. 9999-10010
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular biomarkers, like gene transcripts or enzyme activities, are potentially powerful tools for early warning assessment of pollution. However, a thorough understanding of response and baseline variation is required to distinguish actual effects from pollution. Here, we assess the freshwater mussel Anodonta anatina as a biomarker model species for freshwater ecosystems, by testing responses of six transcriptional (cat, gst, hsp70, hsp90, mt, and sod) and two biochemical (AChE and GST) biomarkers to environmentally relevant Cu water concentrations. Mussels (n = 20), collected from a stream free from point source pollution, were exposed in the laboratory, for 96 h, to Cu treatments (< 0.2 mu g/L, 0.77 +/- 0.87 mu g/L, and 6.3 +/- 5.4 mu g/L). Gills and digestive glands were extracted and analyzed for transcriptional and biochemical responses. Biological and statistical effect sizes from Cu treatments were in general small (mean log(2) fold-change <= 0.80 and Cohen's f <= 0.69, respectively), and no significant treatment effects were observed. In contrast, four out of eight biomarkers (cat, gst, hsp70, and GST) showed a significant sex:tissue interaction, and additionally one (sod) showed significant overall effects from sex. Specifically, three markers in gills (cat, mt, GST) and one in digestive gland (AChE) displayed significant sex differences, independent of treatment. Results suggest that sex or tissue effects might obscure low-magnitude biomarker responses and potential early warnings. Thus, variation in biomarker baselines and response patterns needs to be further addressed for the future use of A. anatina as a biomarker model species.
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| 8. |
- Fristedt, Sofi, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in daily life and wellbeing in adults, 70 years and older, in the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 29:6, s. 511-521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, Swedish authorities enforced specific recommendations on social distancing for adults 70 years and older (70+). Day-to-day life changed for 15% of the Swedish population. The aim of the study was to explore how adults 70+ experienced and managed changes in everyday life due to the COVID-19 pandemic and how those changes affected wellbeing at the beginning of the virus outbreak.METHODS: Eleven women and six men, (mean age 76 years), living in ordinary housing, participated in remote semi-structured interviews in April 2020. The interviews were analysed with qualitative content analysis.FINDINGS: The theme Suddenly at risk - '…but it could have been worse' included four categories My world closed down; Negotiations, adaptations and prioritizations to manage staying at home; Barriers and facilitators to sustain occupational participation; and Considerations of my own and other's health and wellbeing emerged from the data analysis.CONCLUSION: Everyday life changes had implications for health and well-being. The participants questioned previous conceptions of meaning in relation to habitual activities, likely leading to consistent occupational changes. However, these long-term effects remain to be explored, and considered to enable older adult's health during the pandemic and beyond.
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| 9. |
- Fristedt, Sofi, et al.
(författare)
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Suddenly at risk: Older adults’ changes in everyday life early on during the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT:Introduction / Rationale: From the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing was recommended for adults 70 years and older (70+) in Sweden. From an outside view, they then became deprived of possibilities to engage in meaningful activities. However, as meaning is highly subjective, we need to listen to older adults’ voices to really know.Objectives: To explore how adults 70+ experienced and managed changes in everyday life due to the COVID-19 pandemic and how those changes affected wellbeing at the beginning of the virus outbreak.Method / Approach: Eleven women and six men, (mean age 76 years), living in ordinary housing, participated in remote semi-structured interviews in April and June 2020. The interviews were analysed with qualitative content analysis.Results: An overall theme Suddenly at risk – “…but it could have been worse” and four categories emerged from the data analysis. The participants had to accept some changes summarized in the first category; my world closed down. They described continuous negotiations, adaptations and prioritizations to manage staying at home in the second category, but they also experienced contextual barriers and facilitators to sustain occupational participation as the third category elucidate, where e.g. the shift of seasons facilitated social activities. Their experiences of health and wellbeing varied and are captured in the fourth category, considerations about my own and other’s health and wellbeing.Conclusion: The participants questioned previous conceptions of meaning in relation to habitual activities, likely leading to consistent occupational changes, potentially affecting health and well-bring also beyond the pandemic.
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| 10. |
- Frögren, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Awareness of and attitudes towards public involvement in research on ageing and health among older people in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: While the importance of involving older people in research is increasingly acknowledged, quantitative studies exploring the perspectives of larger samples of older people who take an active role in research on ageing and health are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the awareness of and attitudes towards public involvement in research on ageing and health among older people in Sweden.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data derived from a survey (N = 881) of people aged 60 years or older in Sweden. Demographics, self-rated health, and attitudes were analysed using descriptive statistics. Awareness of and previous active involvement in research were analysed using chi-square tests and Mann Whitney tests. Factors associated with willingness to be actively involved in research were determined by logistic regressions.RESULTS: Of the 26% who responded (N = 881), 39% (n = 343) were aware that they could be actively involved in research. Awareness and previous active involvement in research were significantly associated with a higher level of education. Public involvement was believed to enhance research communication and enable valuable contributions related to ageing. The proportion of respondents who were willing to be actively involved in research was significantly higher for respondents with previous experience and a higher level of education.CONCLUSIONS: Engaging older people in Sweden in research targeting active involvement in research presents a challenge. The study shows an over-representation of people with higher education, who tend to be more aware, have previous experience, and are more willing to be involved in research with public involvement. This implies a risk that groups with lower education are not represented, and that knowledge co-produced with mostly highly educated groups will lead to a biased picture. Further studies are needed to understand how an increased awareness of research and willingness to participate can be achieved. IRRID: RR2-10.2196/17759.
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