| 41. |
- Al Banna, Md. Hasan, et al.
(författare)
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Attention-based Bi-directional Long-Short Term Memory Network for Earthquake Prediction
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : IEEE. - 2169-3536. ; 9, s. 56589-56603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An earthquake is a tremor felt on the surface of the earth created by the movement of the major pieces of its outer shell. Till now, many attempts have been made to forecast earthquakes, which saw some success, but these attempted models are specific to a region. In this paper, an earthquake occurrence and location prediction model is proposed. After reviewing the literature, long short-term memory (LSTM) is found to be a good option for building the model because of its memory-keeping ability. Using the Keras tuner, the best model was selected from candidate models, which are composed of combinations of various LSTM architectures and dense layers. This selected model used seismic indicators from the earthquake catalog of Bangladesh as features to predict earthquakes of the following month. Attention mechanism was added to the LSTM architecture to improve the model’s earthquake occurrence prediction accuracy, which was 74.67%. Additionally, a regression model was built using LSTM and dense layers to predict the earthquake epicenter as a distance from a predefined location, which provided a root mean square error of 1.25.
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| 42. |
- Berishvili, E, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia: the Case for Placenta-derived Cell Therapy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Stem cell reviews and reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2629-3277 .- 2629-3269. ; 17:1, s. 63-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nearly 500’000 fatalities due to COVID-19 have been reported globally and the death toll is still rising. Most deaths are due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as a result of an excessive immune response and a cytokine storm elicited by severe SARS-CoV-2 lung infection, rather than by a direct cytopathic effect of the virus. In the most severe forms of the disease therapies should aim primarily at dampening the uncontrolled inflammatory/immune response responsible for most fatalities. Pharmacological agents - antiviral and anti-inflammatory molecules - have not been able so far to achieve compelling results for the control of severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Cells derived from the placenta and/or fetal membranes, in particular amniotic epithelial cells (AEC) and decidual stromal cells (DSC), have established, well-characterized, potent anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory properties that make them attractive candidates for a cell-based therapy of COVID19 pneumonia. Placenta-derived cells are easy to procure from a perennial source and pose minimal ethical issues for their utilization. In view of the existing clinical evidence for the innocuousness and efficiency of systemic administration of DSCs or AECs in similar conditions, we advocate for the initiation of clinical trials using this strategy in the treatment of severe COVID-19 disease.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Hoffmann, M., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic phase diagram, magnetoelastic coupling, and Grüneisen scaling in CoTiO3
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 104:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-quality single crystals of CoTiO3 are grown and used to elucidate in detail structural and magnetostructural effects by means of high-resolution capacitance dilatometry studies in fields up to 15 T which are complemented by specific heat and magnetization measurements. In addition, we refine the single-crystal structure of the ilmenite (R (3) over bar) phase. At the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature T-N pronounced lambda-shaped anomaly in the thermal expansion coefficients signals shrinking of both the c and b axes, indicating strong magnetoelastic coupling with uniaxial pressure along c yielding six times larger effect on T-N than pressure applied in-plane. The hydrostatic pressure dependency derived by means of Gruneisen analysis amounts to partial derivative T-N/partial derivative p approximate to 2.7(4) K/GPa. The high-field magnetization studies in static and pulsed magnetic fields up to 60 T along with high-field thermal expansion measurements facilitate in constructing the complete anisotropic magnetic phase diagram of CoTiO3. While the results confirm the presence of significant magnetodielectric coupling, our data show that magnetism drives the observed structural, dielectric, and magnetic changes both in the short-range ordered regime well above T-N as well as in the long-range magnetically ordered phase.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Kaiser, Karol, et al.
(författare)
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MEIS-WNT5A axis regulates development of fourth ventricle choroid plexus
- 2021
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Ingår i: Development. - : The Company of Biologists. - 0950-1991 .- 1477-9129. ; 148:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The choroid plexus (ChP) produces cerebrospinal fluid and forms an essential brain barrier. ChP tissues form in each brain ventricle, each one adopting a distinct shape, but remarkably little is known about the mechanisms underlying ChP development. Here, we show that epithelial WNT5A is crucial for determining fourth ventricle (4V) ChP morphogenesis and size in mouse. Systemic Wnt5a knockout, or forced Wnt5a overexpression beginning at embryonic day 10.5, profoundly reduced ChP size and development. However, Wnt5a expression was enriched in Foxj1-positive epithelial cells of 4V ChP plexus, and its conditional deletion in these cells affected the branched, villous morphology of the 4V ChP. We found that WNT5A was enriched in epithelial cells localized to the distal tips of 4V ChP villi, where WNT5A acted locally to activate non-canonical WNT signaling via ROR1 and ROR2 receptors. During 4V ChP development, MEIS1 bound to the proximal Wnt5a promoter, and gain- and loss-of-function approaches demonstrated that MEIS1 regulated Wnt5a expression. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a dual function of WNT5A in ChP development and identify MEIS transcription factors as upstream regulators of Wnt5a in the 4V ChP epithelium.
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| 49. |
- Kaiser, T., et al.
(författare)
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Electrical and mechanical behaviour of metal thin films with deformation-induced cracks predicted by computational homogenisation
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Fracture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0376-9429 .- 1573-2673. ; 231:2, s. 223-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motivated by advances in flexible electronic technologies and by the endeavour to develop non-destructive testing methods, this article analyses the capability of computational multiscale formulations to predict the influence of microscale cracks on effective macroscopic electrical and mechanical material properties. To this end, thin metal films under mechanical load are experimentally analysed by using in-situ confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and in-situ four point probe resistance measurements. Image processing techniques are then used to generate representative volume elements from the laser intensity images. These discrete representations of the crack pattern at the microscale serve as the basis for the calculation of effective macroscopic electrical conductivity and mechanical stiffness tensors by means of computational homogenisation approaches. A comparison of simulation results with experimental electrical resistance measurements and a detailed study of fundamental numerical properties demonstrates the applicability of the proposed approach. In particular, the (numerical) errors that are induced by the representative volume element size and by the finite element discretisation are studied, and the influence of the filter that is used in the generation process of the representative volume element is analysed.
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| 50. |
- Lehmann, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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Persistence of soil organic carbon caused by functional complexity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Geoscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1752-0894 .- 1752-0908. ; 13, s. 529-534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil organic carbon management has the potential to aid climate change mitigation through drawdown of atmospheric carbon dioxide. To be effective, such management must account for processes influencing carbon storage and re-emission at different space and time scales. Achieving this requires a conceptual advance in our understanding to link carbon dynamics from the scales at which processes occur to the scales at which decisions are made. Here, we propose that soil carbon persistence can be understood through the lens of decomposers as a result of functional complexity derived from the interplay between spatial and temporal variation of molecular diversity and composition. For example, co-location alone can determine whether a molecule is decomposed, with rapid changes in moisture leading to transport of organic matter and constraining the fitness of the microbial community, while greater molecular diversity may increase the metabolic demand of, and thus potentially limit, decomposition. This conceptual shift accounts for emergent behaviour of the microbial community and would enable soil carbon changes to be predicted without invoking recalcitrant carbon forms that have not been observed experimentally. Functional complexity as a driver of soil carbon persistence suggests soil management should be based on constant care rather than one-time action to lock away carbon in soils. Dynamic interactions between chemical and biological controls govern the stability of soil organic carbon and drive complex, emergent patterns in soil carbon persistence.
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