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Citizen science sho...
Citizen science shows systematic changes in the temperature difference between air and inland waters with global warming
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Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. (author)
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Mackay, Murray (author)
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Stockwell, Jason D. (author)
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Thiery, Wim (author)
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Grossart, Hans-Peter (author)
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Augusto-Silva, Petala B. (author)
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Baulch, Helen M. (author)
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de Eyto, Elvira (author)
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Hejzlar, Josef (author)
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Kangur, Kuelli (author)
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Kirillin, Georgiy (author)
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Pierson, Don C. (author)
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Rusak, James A. (author)
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Sadro, Steven (author)
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Woolway, R. Iestyn (author)
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(publisher)
- NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2017
- 2017
- English.
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In: Scientific Reports. - 2045-2322. ; 7
Abstract
Subject headings
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- Citizen science projects have a long history in ecological studies. The research usefulness of such projects is dependent on applying simple and standardized methods. Here, we conducted a citizen science project that involved more than 3500 Swedish high school students to examine the temperature difference between surface water and the overlying air (T-w-T-a) as a proxy for sensible heat flux (Q(H)). If Q(H) is directed upward, corresponding to positive T-w-T-a, it can enhance CO2 and CH4 emissions from inland waters, thereby contributing to increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. The students found mostly negative T-w-T-a across small ponds, lakes, streams/rivers and the sea shore (i.e. downward Q(H)), with T-w-T-a becoming increasingly negative with increasing T-a. Further examination of T-w-T-a using high-frequency temperature data from inland waters across the globe confirmed that T-w-T-a is linearly related to T-a. Using the longest available high-frequency temperature time series from Lake Erken, Sweden, we found a rapid increase in the occasions of negative T-w-T-a with increasing annual mean T-a since 1989. From these results, we can expect that ongoing and projected global warming will result in increasingly negative T-w-T-a, thereby reducing CO2 and CH4 transfer velocities from inland waters into the atmosphere.
Subject headings
- Natural Sciences (hsv)
- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences (hsv)
- Oceanography, Hydrology, Water Resources (hsv)
- Naturvetenskap (hsv)
- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap (hsv)
- Oceanografi, hydrologi, vattenresurser (hsv)
- Climate Research (hsv)
- Klimatforskning (hsv)
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- By the author/editor
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Weyhenmeyer, Ges ...
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Mackay, Murray
-
Stockwell, Jason ...
-
Thiery, Wim
-
Grossart, Hans-P ...
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Augusto-Silva, P ...
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show more...
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Baulch, Helen M.
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de Eyto, Elvira
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Hejzlar, Josef
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Kangur, Kuelli
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Kirillin, Georgi ...
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Pierson, Don C.
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Rusak, James A.
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Sadro, Steven
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Woolway, R. Iest ...
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