| 1. |
- Engquist, Bo, et al.
(author)
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Simplified methods of implant treatment in the edentulous lower jaw. A controlled prospective study. Part I : one-stage versus two-stage surgery.
- 2002
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In: Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. - 1523-0899 .- 1708-8208. ; 4:2, s. 93-103
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The original protocol for Brσnemark System implants in the mandible was a two-stage procedure with 3 months healing time. With five or six implants and a cast framework of gold, the treatment is rather expensive, and simplified methods would be desirable. PURPOSE: The goal of this controlled serial study was to investigate the outcome of a simplified procedure with one-stage surgery, four Brσnemark implants, shortened healing time, and a new titanium-acrylic fixed full prosthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-two patients were treated in three different groups at two specialist centers. All patients were provided with four implants, loaded with a Procera All-in-One bridge (Nobel Biocare, Gothenburg, Sweden) after 12 weeks. In group A (n = 30), one-stage surgery was combined with two-piece implants. In group B (n = 30), the control group, two-stage surgery and two-piece implants were used. In group C (n = 22), one-stage surgery was combined with one-piece implants. Marginal bone level was rated from radiographs at implant insertion, at baseline, and after 1 year. RESULTS: The survival rate after 1 year for group A was 93.3%, group B, 97.5%, and group C, 93.2%. The differences were not statistically significant. Between fixture insertion and baseline, the average bone loss for group A was 1.2 mm, group B, 1.3 mm, and group C, 1.3 mm. No complications in the form of bridge loosening or acrylic fractures were recorded during the first year. CONCLUSIONS: The survival rates and the marginal bone changes did not differ significantly between the one-stage groups and the control group. The survival rate and the marginal bone changes were similar for one-piece and two-piece implants. Four implants were sufficient to support full fixed prostheses in the mandibles. The Procera All-in-One bridges proved to be of high quality, and no complications were experienced. key words: endosseous implants, nonsubmerged implants, one-piece implants, prospective clinical study, submerged implants
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| 2. |
- Engquist, Bo, et al.
(author)
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Simplified methods of implant treatment in the edentulous lower jaw. Part II : Early loading
- 2004
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In: Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. - 1523-0899 .- 1708-8208. ; 6:2, s. 90-100
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Most implant treatment is performed with a two-stage surgical procedure. A disadvantage of these implant treatments is that they are time-consuming. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the results of early loading in the edentulous mandible and to compare those results with treatment results of one-stage surgery followed by a healing period and with two-stage surgery. Material and Methods: The material comprises four treatment groups with a total of 108 patients with edentulous lower jaws and 432 implants. All patients were treated with Brånemark implants (Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) with a turned surface and fixed prostheses in the lower jaw, supported by four implants. The patients in group A were treated with a one-stage procedure, a two-piece implant, and a 3-month healing period before loading. Group B (control group) had a two-stage procedure, a two-piece implant, and a 3-month healing period. Group C had a one-stage procedure, a one-piece implant, and a 3-month healing period. Group D was treated with a one-stage surgical procedure, a two-piece implant, and early loading (within 3 weeks). All patients were provided with a Procera® Implant Bridge (Nobel Biocare) with a framework made by computer-assisted milling of one piece of pure titanium. All patients have been followed up for 1 year. Results: The survival rates were 93.2 to 93.3% in the experimental groups and 97.5% in the control group. The difference was not statistically significant. The measurements of the marginal bone level demonstrated a mean bone loss of 0.8 mm between fixture insertion and the 1-year examination in patients with early loading (group D) whereas the bone loss in patients who underwent a healing period before loading was 1.3 to 1.6 mm. The difference between the control group and the group with early loading was significant. Conclusions: Survival rates for patients treated with a one-stage procedure were lower than survival rates for patients treated according to a "classical concept," but the differences were not statistically significant. There was no difference between treatment results with one-piece and two-piece implants. The implant loss in patients with early loading was probably caused by overloading, and careful supervision of occlusal loading is recommended. Early loading gave significantly less marginal bone loss when compared with two-stage surgery.
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| 3. |
- Herbertsson, Pär, et al.
(author)
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Uncomplicated Mason type-II and III fractures of the radial head and neck in adults. A long-term follow-up study.
- 2004
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In: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. - 1535-1386. ; 86-A:3, s. 569-574
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and the long-term results of closed uncomplicated Mason type-II and III fractures in a defined population of adults. Methods: Seventy women and thirty men who were a mean of forty-seven years old when they sustained a fracture of the radial head or neck (a Mason type-II fracture in seventy-six patients and a Mason type-III fracture in twenty-four) were reexamined after a mean of nineteen years. Radiographic signs of degenerative changes of the elbow were recorded. The fracture had been treated with an elastic bandage or a collar and cuff sling with mobilization for forty-four individuals, with cast immobilization for thirty-four, with resection of the radial head in nineteen, with open reduction of the radial head in two, and with a collateral ligament repair in one. Secondary excision of the radial head was performed because of residual pain in nine patients, and a neurolysis of the ulnar nerve was performed in one patient. Results: Seventy-seven individuals had no symptoms in the injured elbow at the time of follow-up, twenty-one had occasional pain, and two had daily pain. The injured elbows had a slight flexion deficit compared with the uninjured elbows (mean and standard deviation, 138° ± 8° compared with 140° ± 7°) as well as a small extension deficit (mean and standard deviation, –4° ± 8° compared with –1° ± 6°) (p < 0.001 for both). The prevalence of degenerative changes was higher in the injured elbows than in the uninjured ones (76% compared with 16%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results following uncomplicated Mason type-II and III fractures are predominantly favorable. A secondary radial head resection is usually effective for patients with an unfavorable outcome (predominantly long-standing pain). Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series [no, or historical, control group]). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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| 4. |
- Karlsson, G. P., et al.
(author)
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Test of the short-term critical levels for acute ozone injury on plants - improvements by ozone uptake modelling and the use of an effect threshold
- 2004
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In: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 38:15, s. 2237-2245
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The current short-term critical levels for acute ozone injury on plants were evaluated based on 32 datasets from eastern Austria, Belgium and southern Sweden with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L., cv. Geraldton). Potential improvements using an exposure index related to ozone uptake (AF(st), Accumulated Stomatal Flux), a modified accumulated exposure over the threshold (mAOT) exposure index and the introduction of an effect threshold in the short-term critical level were investigated. The existing short-term critical levels did not accurately describe the effects in terms of observed visible injury. Using a mAOT based on solar radiation and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) improved the explanation of observed visible injury. However, using a simple stomatal conductance model, driven by solar radiation, air temperature, VPD and ozone uptake, the correlation between modelled and observed effects were considerably improved. The best performance was obtained when an ozone uptake rate threshold of 10 nmol m(-2) s(-1) (AF(st)10, per unit total leaf area) was used. The results suggested the use of an effect threshold of 10% leaf injury in order to minimise the risk of erroneously recorded visible injury due to observation technique or other injuries hard to distinguish from ozone injury. A new, AF(st) based exposure index was suggested, an ozone exposure of AF(st)10=75 mumol m(-2) during an exposure period of eight days was estimated to prevent more than 10% visible injury of the leaves. This study strongly suggests that a simple model for ozone uptake much better explains observed effects, compared to the currently used exposure index AOT40. However, if a lower degree of complexity, data requirements and also a lower extent of explanation of observed effects are to be considered a new short-term critical level, based on a mAOT may be suggested: a mAOT30 of 160 ppb h during an exposure period of 8 days is estimated to protect the leaves from visible injury on more than 10% of the leaves. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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