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Sökning: WFRF:(Kietzmann Tim C)

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1.
  • Paschen, Jeannette, 1974-, et al. (författare)
  • Unpacking artificial intelligence – How the building blocks of artificial intelligence (AI) contribute to creating market knowledge from big data
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Purpose:This study explains artificial intelligence (AI) and its contributions to creating market knowledge from big data. Specifically, this study describes the foundational building blocks of any AI technology, their interrelationships and the implications of different building blocks with respect to creating market knowledge, along with illustrative examples. Design/methodology/approach:The study is conceptual and proposes a framework to explicate the phenomenon AI and its building blocks. It further provides a model of how AI contributes to creating market knowledge from big data. Findings:The study explains AI from an input–processes–output lens and explicates the six foundational building blocks of AI. It discusses how the use of different building blocks transforms data into information and knowledge. It proposes a conceptual model to explicate the role of AI in creating market knowledge and suggests avenues for future research. Practical implications:This study explains the phenomenon artificial intelligence, how it works and its relevance for creating market knowledge for B2B firms. Originality/value:The study contributes to the literature on market knowledge and addresses calls for more scholarly research to understand AI and its implication for creating market knowledge.
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2.
  • Whittaker, Lucas, et al. (författare)
  • "All Around Me Are Synthetic Faces" : The Mad World of AI-Generated Media
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: IT Professional Magazine. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1520-9202 .- 1941-045X. ; 22:5, s. 90-99
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Advances in artificial intelligence and deep neural networks have led to a rise in synthetic media, i.e., automatically and artificially generated or manipulated photo, audio, and video content. Synthetic media today is highly believable and "true to life"; so much so that we will no longer be able to trust what we see or hear is unadulterated and genuine. Among the different forms of synthetic media, the most concerning forms are deepfakes and general adversarial networks (GANs). For IT professionals, it is important to understand what these new phenomena are. In this article, we explain what deepfakes and GANs are, how they work and discuss the threats and opportunities resulting from these forms of synthetic media.
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3.
  • Fjell, Anders M., et al. (författare)
  • Poor Self-Reported Sleep is Related to Regional Cortical Thinning in Aging but not Memory Decline-Results From the Lifebrain Consortium
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Cerebral Cortex. - : Oxford University Press. - 1047-3211 .- 1460-2199. ; 31:4, s. 1953-1969
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We examined whether sleep quality and quantity are associated with cortical and memory changes in cognitively healthy participants across the adult lifespan. Associations between self-reported sleep parameters (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) and longitudinal cortical change were tested using five samples from the Lifebrain consortium (n = 2205, 4363 MRIs, 18-92 years). In additional analyses, we tested coherence with cell-specific gene expression maps from the Allen Human Brain Atlas, and relations to changes in memory performance. "PSQI # 1 Subjective sleep quality" and "PSQI #5 Sleep disturbances" were related to thinning of the right lateral temporal cortex, with lower quality and more disturbances being associated with faster thinning. The association with "PSQI #5 Sleep disturbances" emerged after 60 years, especially in regions with high expression of genes related to oligodendrocytes and S1 pyramidal neurons. None of the sleep scales were related to a longitudinal change in episodic memory function, suggesting that sleep-related cortical changes were independent of cognitive decline. The relationship to cortical brain change suggests that self-reported sleep parameters are relevant in lifespan studies, but small effect sizes indicate that self-reported sleep is not a good biomarker of general cortical degeneration in healthy older adults.
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4.
  • Fjell, Anders M., et al. (författare)
  • Self-reported sleep relates to hippocampal atrophy across the adult lifespan : results from the Lifebrain consortium
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Sleep. - : Oxford University Press. - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 43:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: Poor sleep is associated with multiple age-related neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric conditions. The hippocampus plays a special role in sleep and sleep-dependent cognition, and accelerated hippocampal atrophy is typically seen with higher age. Hence, it is critical to establish how the relationship between sleep and hippocampal volume loss unfolds across the adult lifespan.Methods: Self-reported sleep measures and MRI-derived hippocampal volumes were obtained from 3105 cognitively normal participants (18–90 years) from major European brain studies in the Lifebrain consortium. Hippocampal volume change was estimated from 5116 MRIs from 1299 participants for whom longitudinal MRIs were available, followed up to 11 years with a mean interval of 3.3 years. Cross-sectional analyses were repeated in a sample of 21,390 participants from the UK Biobank.Results: No cross-sectional sleep—hippocampal volume relationships were found. However, worse sleep quality, efficiency, problems, and daytime tiredness were related to greater hippocampal volume loss over time, with high scorers showing 0.22% greater annual loss than low scorers. The relationship between sleep and hippocampal atrophy did not vary across age. Simulations showed that the observed longitudinal effects were too small to be detected as age-interactions in the cross-sectional analyses.Conclusions: Worse self-reported sleep is associated with higher rates of hippocampal volume decline across the adult lifespan. This suggests that sleep is relevant to understand individual differences in hippocampal atrophy, but limited effect sizes call for cautious interpretation.
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5.
  • Fjell, Anders M., et al. (författare)
  • The genetic organization of longitudinal subcortical volumetric change is stable throughout the lifespan running title: Genetics of subcortical lifespan change
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Development and aging of the cerebral cortex show similar topographic organization and are governed by the same genes. It is unclear whether the same is true for subcortical regions, which follow fundamentally different ontogenetic and phylogenetic principles. We tested the hypothesis that genetically governed neurodevelopmental processes can be traced throughout life by assessing to which degree brain regions that develop together continue to change together through life. Analyzing over 6000 longitudinal MRIs of the brain, we used graph theory to identify five clusters of coordinated development, indexed as patterns of correlated volumetric change in brain structures. The clusters tended to follow placement along the cranial axis in embryonic brain development, suggesting continuity from prenatal stages, and correlated with cognition. Across independent longitudinal datasets, we demonstrated that developmental clusters were conserved through life. Twin-based genetic correlations revealed distinct sets of genes governing change in each cluster. Single nucleotide polymorphisms-based analyses of 38127 cross-sectional MRIs showed a similar pattern of genetic volume-volume correlations. In conclusion, coordination of subcortical change adheres to fundamental principles of lifespan continuity and genetic organization.
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