| 1. |
- Mårtensson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic disagreement between clinical standard histopathological- and retrospective assessment of histopathology-based gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease in children
- 2020
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Ingår i: Pediatric Transplantation. - : WILEY. - 1397-3142 .- 1399-3046. ; 24:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: No previous paediatric study has evaluated the frequency of diagnostic disagreement between clinical standard histopathological assessment (CSHA) and retrospective, independent, histopathological assessment (RIHA) of gastrointestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GI-GVHD).Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, based on gastrointestinal biopsies collected from allogeneic HSCT-treated children (<18 years) with symptom-based GI-GVHD, we evaluated; disagreement of histopathology-based GI-GVHD diagnosis in CSHA vs RIHA, and potential clinical consequences of differences between the assessments. The CSHA-based diagnoses were retrieved from histopathology reports. The RIHA was performed by one pathologist, blinded to the CSHA outcomes and based on the minimal criteria for histopathology-based GI-GVHD diagnosis by theNIH 2014.Results: Seventy children with 92 endoscopic occasions (including 22 re-endoscopies) were enrolled. GI-GVHD was observed in 73% (67/92) of the endoscopies in the RIHA and in 54% (50/92) in the CSHA (P = .014). The RIHA confirmed 94% (47/50) with GI-GVHD and 52% (22/42) with non-GI-GVHD diagnoses, established in the CSHA. Disagreement, that is endoscopic occasions with GI-GVHD solely detected in RIHA or detection of GI-GVHD in CSHA but not in RIHA, was observed in 20/42 (48%) and 3/50 (6%), respectively (McNemar's test, P = .0008). The risk of a subsequent re-endoscopy was higher in endoscopic occasions with GI-GVHD detected in RIHA but not in CSHA vs if non-GI-GVHD were detected in both readings (P = .005).Conclusion: Our results suggest that in children with symptom-based GI-GVHD without histopathological confirmation in CSHA, a second,NIH 2014based histopathological assessment should be considered before performing a re-endoscopy.
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| 2. |
- Budroni, Alessandro, et al.
(författare)
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Making the BKW Algorithm Practical for LWE
- 2020
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Ingår i: Progress in Cryptology – INDOCRYPT 2020 : 21st International Conference on Cryptology in India Bangalore, India, December 13–16, 2020 Proceedings - 21st International Conference on Cryptology in India Bangalore, India, December 13–16, 2020 Proceedings. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. - 9783030652760 - 9783030652777 ; 12578, s. 417-439
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Learning with Errors (LWE) problem is one of the main mathematical foundations of post-quantum cryptography. One of the main groups of algorithms for solving LWE is the Blum-Kalai-Wasserman (BKW) algorithm. This paper presents new improvements for BKW-style algorithms for solving LWE instances. We target minimum concrete complexity and we introduce a new reduction step where we partially reduce the last position in an iteration and finish the reduction in the next iteration, allowing non-integer step sizes. We also introduce a new procedure in the secret recovery by mapping the problem to binary problems and applying the FastWalsh Hadamard Transform. The complexity of the resulting algorithm compares favourably to all other previous approaches, including lattice sieving. We additionally show the steps of implementing the approach for large LWE problem instances. The core idea here is to overcome RAM limitations by using large file-based memory.
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| 3. |
- Carnerud, Daniel, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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On the inclusion of sustainability and digitalisation in quality management : an overview from past to present
- 2020
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Ingår i: Total Quality Management and Business Excellence. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1478-3363 .- 1478-3371. ; , s. 1-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to explore whether trends in sustainability and digitalisation from the 1980s until today have left any significant practical or epistemological footprints on the quality management paradigm. The study design consists of a mixed-methods approach that applies a data-mining methodology and content analysis to the digital archives of eight scientific journals: six within the quality management (QM) domain and two with a focus on operations management (OM). The data set contains an unbroken time series of over 12,000 research paper abstracts, the first of them published in 1980, giving the study a coverage of almost 40 years. The findings show that sustainability came onto the scholarly scene in 1996 and has since become an increasingly popular research area. In regard to digitalisation, the story is quite different, as the concept is currently absent from the scholarly QM and OM literatures. However, a search for information technology (IT) and information systems (IS) revealed that these topics have been gaining attention since the 1980s. However, it was found that QM research only addresses one part of digitalisation, omitting several interesting dimensions. One example is that the QM and OM literatures address IS mainly in relation to standardised guidelines and business processes within organisations. At the same time, we found a handful of studies combining QM and topics related to modern digitisation, like social media.
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| 4. |
- Marandino, Christa, et al.
(författare)
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From Monodisciplinary via Multidisciplinary to an Interdisciplinary Approach Investigating Air-Sea Interactions - a SOLAS Initiative
- 2020
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Ingår i: Coastal Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0892-0753 .- 1521-0421. ; 48:4, s. 238-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the physical and biogeochemical interactions and feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere is a vital component of environmental and Earth system research. The ability to predict and respond to future environmental change relies on a detailed understanding of these processes. The Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) is an international research platform that focuses on the study of ocean-atmosphere interactions, for which Future Earth is a sponsor. SOLAS instigated a collaborative initiative process to connect efforts in the natural and social sciences related to these processes, as a contribution to the emerging Future Earth Ocean Knowledge-Action Network (Ocean KAN). This is imperative because many of the recent changes in the Earth system are anthropogenic. An understanding of adaptation and counteracting measures requires an alliance of scientists from both domains to bridge the gap between science and policy. To this end, three SOLAS research areas were targeted for a case study to determine a more effective method of interdisciplinary research: valuing carbon and the ocean’s role; air-sea interactions, policy and stewardship; and, air-sea interactions and the shipping industry.
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| 5. |
- Mårtensson, Thomas
(författare)
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Acute gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplanted children and adolescents : clinical aspects of histopathological evaluation and risk factors
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), is a potentially life-threating condition. Gastrointestinal involvement of aGVHD (GI-aGVHD) affects approximately every fourth transplanted child. The diagnosis of GI-aGVHD is primarily symptom-based. However, symptoms associated with GI-aGVHD are nonspecific; thus, histopathological confirmation of the diagnosis, is recommended. The overall objectives of this thesis were: i) to evaluate the influence of two different conditioning regimens on the incidence of GI-aGVHD, and ii) to evaluate clinical aspects of the currently recommended diagnostic approach to GI-aGVHD, i.e., endoscopy-guided histopathological assessment, applied to pediatric HSCT patients. Patients and methods: Four retrospective cohort studies were included in this thesis. Paper I enrolled all children with HSCT performed during 2000–2010 at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge who also had underlying diagnoses of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The children were conditioned with busulfan (Bu) and cyclophosphamide (Cy), with or without addition of melphalan (Mel). Paper IIIV included all children who underwent HSCT at any of the four HSCT centers in Sweden between 2000 and 2012 and with endoscopy-guided histopathological assessment performed to confirm symptom-based GI-aGVHD within one-year post-HSCT. In paper III-IV a retrospective, blinded, histopathological assessment (RIHA) was carried out based on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) 2014 criteria for histopathology-based GI-GVHD. Paper IV only included those with at least a biopsy sampling from the rectosigmoid area and the area proximal to the left colonic flexure. Results: Paper I. Twenty-five children were enrolled. Forty-seven percent (8/17) of the children that received addition of Mel to the BuCy conditioning, versus none (0/8) in the BuCy group, developed GI-aGVHD (stages 2-4) (p<0.05). Paper II. Based on 68 children with 91 endoscopic occasions, treatment changes in response to histopathology reports occurred in 48% (44/91). Paper III. Seventy children with 92 endoscopic occasions were assessed. Histopathologybased GI-GVHD diagnosis was established in 67 of 92 (73%) endoscopic occasions in the RIHA and in 50 of 92 (54%) in the clinical standard histopathological assessment (p=0.014). The risk of a subsequent re-endoscopy within one-year post-HSCT was higher in endoscopic occasions with GI-GVHD solely detected in RIHA versus non-GI-GVHD in both assessments (p=0.005). Paper IV. Forty-four children with 51 endoscopic occasions were analyzed. Biopsies from the rectosigmoid area had 85% sensitivity for RIHA-based GI-GVHD diagnosis. The corresponding figure for combined biopsy sampling from both rectosigmoid area and upper gastrointestinal tract was 97% and was similarly high compared with biopsies collected from complete lower endoscopy. Conclusions: I) Addition of Mel to the BuCy conditioning increased the incidence of symptom-based GI-aGVHD in children with JMML and MDS. II) Endoscopy-guided histopathological assessment was found to influence the treatment decisions and should therefore be considered in children with GI-aGVHD. III) In children with symptom-based GI-aGVHD, without confirmation of the diagnosis by clinical standard histopathological assessment, a second histopathological assessment based on the NIH 2014 criteria should be considered before performing a re-endoscopy. IV) Sigmoidoscopy combined with upper endoscopy, colonoscopy/ileocolonoscopy, or full upper and lower endoscopy should be considered as preferred choices for the endoscopic procedure in children with clinically suspected GI-aGVHD.
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