| 1. |
- Liang, Lin, et al.
(författare)
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Non-Interpenetrated Single-Crystal Covalent Organic Frameworks
- 2020
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 59:41, s. 17991-17995
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growth of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as single crystals is extremely challenging. Inaccessibility of open-structured single-crystal COFs prevents the exploration of structure-oriented applications. Herein we report for the first time a non-interpenetrated single-crystal COF, LZU-306, which possesses the open structure constructed exclusively via covalent assembly. With a high void volume of 80 %, LZU-306 was applied to investigate the intrinsic dynamics of reticulated tetraphenylethylene (TPE) as the individual aggregation-induced-emission moiety. Solid-state(2)H NMR investigation has determined that the rotation of benzene rings in TPE, being the freest among the reported cases, is as fast as 1.0x10(4) Hz at 203 K to 1.5x10(7) Hz at 293 K. This research not only explores a new paradigm for single-crystal growth of open frameworks, but also provides a unique matrix-isolation platform to reticulate functional moieties into a well-defined and isolated state.
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| 2. |
- Chen, Jinhan, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of hot isostatic pressing on thermal conductivity of additively manufactured pure tungsten
- 2020
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Ingår i: International journal of refractory metals & hard materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0263-4368. ; 87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The crack-healing behaviors and microstructure evolution of pure tungsten produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) were studied and compared before and after post hot isostatic pressing (post-HIP) treatment. An average thermal conductivity of 133 W.m(-1).K-1 at room temperature (RT) was obtained after HIP, which was 16% higher than that of as-built sample (115 W.m(-1).K-1). Although the HIP process had little effect on density, it resulted in a large grain size of > 300 mu m accompanied by a decrease in dislocation density and crack healing, which led to a substantial improvement of thermal conductivity of pure tungsten. The positive correlation between relative density and thermal conductivity of as-built tungsten was reported.
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| 3. |
- Cheng, Shi-Ping, et al.
(författare)
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Haplotype-resolved genome assembly and allele-specific gene expression in cultivated ginger
- 2021
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Ingår i: Horticulture Research. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-7276. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most valued spice plants worldwide; it is prized for its culinary and folk medicinal applications and is therefore of high economic and cultural importance. Here, we present a haplotype-resolved, chromosome-scale assembly for diploid ginger anchored to 11 pseudochromosome pairs with a total length of 3.1 Gb. Remarkable structural variation was identified between haplotypes, and two inversions larger than 15 Mb on chromosome 4 may be associated with ginger infertility. We performed a comprehensive, spatiotemporal, genome-wide analysis of allelic expression patterns, revealing that most alleles are coordinately expressed. The alleles that exhibited the largest differences in expression showed closer proximity to transposable elements, greater coding sequence divergence, more relaxed selection pressure, and more transcription factor binding site differences. We also predicted the transcription factors potentially regulating 6-gingerol biosynthesis. Our allele-aware assembly provides a powerful platform for future functional genomics, molecular breeding, and genome editing in ginger.
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| 4. |
- Ding, Xue Bing, et al.
(författare)
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Impaired meningeal lymphatic drainage in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 27:3, s. 411-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animal studies implicate meningeal lymphatic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, there is no direct evidence in humans to support this role1–5. In this study, we used dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to assess meningeal lymphatic flow in cognitively normal controls and patients with idiopathic PD (iPD) or atypical Parkinsonian (AP) disorders. We found that patients with iPD exhibited significantly reduced flow through the meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) along the superior sagittal sinus and sigmoid sinus, as well as a notable delay in deep cervical lymph node perfusion, compared to patients with AP. There was no significant difference in the size (cross-sectional area) of mLVs in patients with iPD or AP versus controls. In mice injected with α-synuclein (α-syn) preformed fibrils, we showed that the emergence of α-syn pathology was followed by delayed meningeal lymphatic drainage, loss of tight junctions among meningeal lymphatic endothelial cells and increased inflammation of the meninges. Finally, blocking flow through the mLVs in mice treated with α-syn preformed fibrils increased α-syn pathology and exacerbated motor and memory deficits. These results suggest that meningeal lymphatic drainage dysfunction aggravates α-syn pathology and contributes to the progression of PD.
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| 5. |
- Huang, Ke, et al.
(författare)
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Tailoring magnetic order via atomically stacking 3d/5d electrons to achieve high-performance spintronic devices
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Reviews. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 1931-9401. ; 7:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to tune magnetic orders, such as magnetic anisotropy and topological spin texture, is desired to achieve high-performance spintronic devices. A recent strategy has been to employ interfacial engineering techniques, such as the introduction of spin-correlated interfacial coupling, to tailor magnetic orders and achieve novel magnetic properties. We chose a unique polar-nonpolar LaMnO3/SrIrO3 superlattice because Mn (3d)/Ir (5d) oxides exhibit rich magnetic behaviors and strong spin-orbit coupling through the entanglement of their 3d and 5d electrons. Through magnetization and magnetotransport measurements, we found that the magnetic order is interface-dominated as the superlattice period is decreased. We were able to then effectively modify the magnetization, tilt of the ferromagnetic easy axis, and symmetry transition of the anisotropic magnetoresistance of the LaMnO3/SrIrO3 superlattice by introducing additional Mn (3d) and Ir (5d) interfaces. Further investigations using in-depth first-principles calculations and numerical simulations revealed that these magnetic behaviors could be understood by the 3d/5d electron correlation and Rashba spin-orbit coupling. The results reported here demonstrate a new route to synchronously engineer magnetic properties through the atomic stacking of different electrons, which would contribute to future applications in high-capacity storage devices and advanced computing.
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| 6. |
- Li, Hezhen, et al.
(författare)
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Asynchronous densification of zirconia ceramics formed by stereolithographic additive manufacturing
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Ceramic Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 0955-2219 .- 1873-619X. ; 41:8, s. 4666-4670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stereolithography has been proven as a feasible approach to make crack-free ceramic macrostructure with customized designs, but the microstructure, especially pore structure remains to be tailored more precisely for better performance, where the sintering protocol and related densification characteristics could play a vital role as the slurry preparation and debinding protocol do. Herein we report a phenomenon named “asynchronous densification”, that is, the surface region of zirconia ceramics formed by stereolithographic additive manufacturing would be densified prior to the bulk at 1200°C during the conventional pressureless sintering in air. The cause of this asynchronism is unclear but supposed to be correlated with low packing density, high sintering activity, poor thermal conduction of ceramics and impurities. Early densification of the surface may have negative effects towards ceramic components with more homogeneous microstructure, suppressed pore coalescence and limited grain growth, and therefore needs to be better controlled through optimization in sintering protocol.
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| 7. |
- Li, Hezhen, et al.
(författare)
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Stereolithography-fabricated zirconia dental prostheses : concerns based on clinical requirements
- 2020
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Ingår i: Advances in Applied Ceramics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1743-6753 .- 1743-6761. ; 119:5-6, s. 236-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the recent rapid development of the additive manufacturing family of technologies, the interest in application potential of stereolithography on producing ceramic dental prostheses has aroused and been widely discussed. While someone claimed the birth of 'stereolithography-fabricated ceramic dental prostheses', an overall evaluation based on the clinical requirements is lacking, making the optimism a kind of unrealistic. In this article, the prototypes of ceramic dental prostheses and standard specimens produced by the ceramic stereolithography approach are compared with those made by the classic subtractive manufacturing method by following the critical clinical requirements. Concerns on the upcoming challenges and future improvement towards clinical applications are presented that include productivity, delivery time, dimensional tolerance, mechanical and aesthetic properties. It is concluded that it is far too early to call 'stereolithography-fabricated ceramic dental prostheses' as a success as usable and competitive products for clinical applications.
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| 8. |
- Li, Junjie, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Dry Selective Isotropic Atomic Layer Etching of SiGe for Manufacturing Vertical Nanowire Array with Diameter Less than 20 nm
- 2020
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Ingår i: Materials. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1944. ; 13:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Semiconductor nanowires have great application prospects in field effect transistors and sensors. In this study, the process and challenges of manufacturing vertical SiGe/Si nanowire array by using the conventional lithography and novel dry atomic layer etching technology. The final results demonstrate that vertical nanowires with a diameter less than 20 nm can be obtained. The diameter of nanowires is adjustable with an accuracy error less than 0.3 nm. This technology provides a new way for advanced 3D transistors and sensors.
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| 9. |
- Ma, Ding, Doktorand, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Intra-urban scaling properties examined by automatically extracted city hotspots from street data and nighttime light imagery
- 2021
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Ingår i: Remote Sensing. - : MDPI. - 2072-4292. ; 13:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A country can be well-comprehended through its core cities. Similarly, we can learn about a city from its hotspots, as they manifest the concentration of urban infrastructures and human activities. Following this philosophy, this paper studies the intra-urban form and function from a complexity science perspective by exploring the power law distribution of hotspot sizes and related socio-economic attributes. To detect hotspots, we rely on spatial clustering of geospatial big data sets, including street data from OpenStreetMap platform and nighttime light (NTL) data from the visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (VIIRS) imagery. Unlike conventional spatial units, which are imposed by governments or authorities (such as census block), the delineation of hotspots is done in a totally bottom-up manner and, more importantly, can help us examine precisely the scaling pattern of urban morphological and functional aspects. This results in two types of urban hotspots—street-based and NTL-based hotspots—being generated across 20 major cities in China. We find that Zipf’s law of hotspot sizes (both types) holds remarkably well for each city, as do the city-size distributions at the country level, indicating a statistically self-similar structure of geographic space. We further find that the urban scaling law can be effectively detected when using NTL-based hotspots as basic units. Furthermore, the comparison between two types of hotspots enables us to gain in-depth insights of urban planning and urban economic development.
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| 10. |
- Ma, Jing
(författare)
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Cancer Immunotherapy : Oncolytic viruses and CAR-T cells
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Various forms of cancer immunotherapy have developed rapidly with improved survival and quality of life for cancer patients. Cancer immunotherapy aims to educate the patient’s immune system to eliminate cancer cells, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cell transfer (mostly T cells), oncolytic viruses (OVs) and cancer vaccines. Especially ICIs have induced durable responses in patients with many different types of cancers. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has shown good efficacy in treating hematologic malignancies. However, there is still a significant number of patients that do not benefit from these treatments due to immune evasion. Strategies to modify cancer immunotherapies with immunomodulating agent needs to be investigated to maximize the effect of immunotherapy. Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil Activating Protein (HP-NAP) could be used as an immunomodulating agent to recruit, activate and mature immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes and neutrophils, and also induce T helper type 1 (Th1)-polarized response. In this thesis, we examined to arm oncolytic virus or CAR-T cells with HP-NAP.Papers I and II investigate oncolytic viruses. In paper I, we investigated wild-type Adenovirus (Ad), Semliki forest virus (SFV) and Vaccinia virus (VV), for their ability to mediate lysis of tumor cells, which was found to be associated with the release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and subsequently triggered phagocytosis and maturation of DCs. However, only SFV-infected tumor cells triggered significant Th1-cytokine release by DCs and induced antigen-specific T cell activation, while VV induced immunosuppressive responses. In Paper II, we armed VV and SFV with the tumor-associated antigen GD2 and HP-NAP. We found that arming these OVs with HP-NAP resulted in distinct anti-tumor immune response and therapeutic benefit. VV-GD2m-NAP showed significantly increased therapeutic efficacy compared to VV-GD2m, associated with elevated antiGD2 antibody production. In contrast, there was no additive antitumor effect for SFV-GD2m-NAP compared with SFV-GD2m. Due to intrinsic properties of OVs, engineering OVs with immunomodulating agents needs careful consideration. Engineering SFV or similar viruses, which is very immunogenic, should focus on improving oncolysis, de-bulking tumor and release of tumor-associated antigens, while for VV or similar viruses, with immunosuppressive properties, the focus can be on arming the virus with immune modulators to improve anti-tumor immune response. Papers III and IV investigate CAR-T cells. In paper III, CAR-T cells were engineered to inducible secrete HP-NAP upon antigen recognition (CAR(NAP)-Ts). CAR(NAP)-Ts successfully reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival of mice in several solid tumor models with epitope spreading and initiated endogenous anti-tumor immune responses. Secreted HP-NAP created an immunologically hot tumor microenvironment with enhanced infiltration of immune cells (DCs, neutrophils, macrophages, and cytotoxic natural killer cells). In paper IV, we developed CAR T cells targeting CD20 (rituCD20CAR T cells). We found that rituCD20CAR T cells could efficiently kill CD20-positive lymphoma cell lines (U2932, Karpas422, DB, U698, Raji, Daudi) as well as primary mantle cell CD20-positive lymphoma (CD20+ MCL) cells accompanying with IFNγ secretion. Both rituCD20CAR and NAP-armed rituCD20CAR(NAP) T-cell treatment delayed tumor growth and prolonged mice survival in the murine lymphoma A20-hCD20 model. In summary, combing OVs and CAR-T cells with the immunomodulating agent HP-NAP is a promising way of maximizing the benefit of immunotherapy to combat cancers.
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