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Sökning: WFRF:(Madsen K.) > (2005-2009)

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21.
  • Nygren, Mats, et al. (författare)
  • Crystal Structure and Transport Properties of Nickel Containing Germanium Clathrates.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. ; 76:24, s. 245126 (9)-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Four Ba8Ni6-xGe40+x clathrate samples with x = 0-0.6 were synthesized and characterized using conventional and synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction. Thermopower, resistivity, thermal cond., Hall effect, and magnetic susceptibility were measured between 2 and 400 K. To support the interpretation of the phys. property data, d. functional theory calcns. were used to obtain band structures and theor. transport properties for a wide range of transition metal substituted clathrate systems having a fully ordered Ba8TM6Ge40 structure. A systematic dependence on x was found for both the structural and the electronic properties, and the latter varies from p- to n-type properties. Despite relatively low mobilities (H) of the charge carriers in all the samples, the thermoelec. properties of p-type Ba8Ni6-xGe40+x are promising. The p-type samples, with the best thermoelec. properties, have ZT = 0.13 at 400 K, where ZT is the dimensionless thermoelec. figure of merit. It is estd. that p-type samples with lower charge carrier concns. will have improved thermoelec. properties. The effect of transition metal substitution on the thermopower and mobility in clathrates is discussed.
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22.
  • Plomgaard, P, et al. (författare)
  • Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces skeletal muscle insulin resistance in healthy human subjects via inhibition of Akt substrate 160 phosphorylation
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 54:10, s. 2939-2945
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Most lifestyle-related chronic diseases are characterized by low-grade systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. Excessive tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance, but direct evidence in humans is lacking. Here, we demonstrate that TNF-α infusion in healthy humans induces insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, without effect on endogenous glucose production, as estimated by a combined euglycemic insulin clamp and stable isotope tracer method. TNF-α directly impairs glucose uptake and metabolism by altering insulin signal transduction. TNF-α infusion increases phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase, extracellular signal–regulated kinase-1/2, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, concomitant with increased serine and reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1. These signaling effects are associated with impaired phosphorylation of Akt substrate 160, the most proximal step identified in the canonical insulin signaling cascade regulating GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake. Thus, excessive concentrations of TNF-α negatively regulate insulin signaling and whole-body glucose uptake in humans. Our results provide a molecular link between low-grade systemic inflammation and the metabolic syndrome.
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  • Resultat 21-23 av 23

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