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- Narod, SA, et al.
(författare)
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Oral contraceptives and the risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2105. ; 94:23, s. 1773-1779
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Oral contraceptive use has been associated with an increase in the risk of breast cancer in young women. We examined whether this association is seen in women at high risk of breast cancer because they carry a mutation in one of two breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2. Methods: We performed a matched case-control study on 1311 pairs of women with known deleterious BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutations recruited from 52 centers in 11 countries. Women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer were matched to control subjects by year of birth, country of residence, mutation (BRCA1 or BRCA2), and history of ovarian cancer. All study subjects completed a questionnaire about oral contraceptive use. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived by conditional logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Among BRCA2 mutation carriers, ever use of oral contraceptives was not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.72 to 1.24). For BRCAI mutation carriers, ever use of oral contraceptives was associated With a modestly increased risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.20, 95 % CI = 1.02 to 1.40). However, compared with BRCA1 mutation carriers who never used oral contraceptives, those who used oral contraceptives for at least 5 years had an increased risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.60), as did those who used oral contraceptives before age 30 (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.52), those who were diagnosed with breast cancer before age 40 (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.72), and those who first used oral contraceptives before 1975 (OR = 1.42, 95 % CI = 1.17 to 1.75). Conclusions: Among BRCA1 mutation carriers, women who first used oral contraceptives before 1975, who used them before age 30, or who used them for 5 or more years may have an increased risk of early-onset breast cancer. Oral contraceptives do not appear to be associated with risk of breast cancer in BRCA2 carriers, but data for BRCA2 carriers are limited.
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- Jensen, J.A.D., et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic streaming enhanced electrodeposition of nickel
- 2003
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Ingår i: Chemical Physics Letters. - 0009-2614 .- 1873-4448. ; 368:5-6, s. 732-737
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrochemical deposition of Ni from a Watts-type electrolyte under the influence of high frequency ultrasound at both high (250 W) and low (5-10 W) power sonication was investigated. An improvement in the material distribution of the deposited Ni in millimeter-sized groove-features on the cathode surface was observed. A theory based on mechanical interaction between organic additives adhering to the cathode surface and ultrasonically induced streaming-phenomena is presented here to account for the observed uniform filling behaviour. The present study further indicates a correlation between fringe-patterns on the surface of the deposit and near-boundary acoustic streaming. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Jensen, J.A.D., et al.
(författare)
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Electrochemical deposition of buried contacts in high-efficiency crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 150:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reports on a newly developed method for electrochemical deposition of buried Cu contacts in Si-based photovoltaic (PV) cells. Contact grooves, 20 µm wide by 40 µm deep, were laser-cut into Si PV cells, hereafter applied with a thin electroless NiP base and subsequently filled with Cu by electrochemical deposition at a rate of up to 10 µm per min. With the newly developed process, void-free, superconformal Cu-filling of the laser-cut grooves was observed by scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam techniques. The Cu microstructure in grooves showed both bottom and sidewall texture, with a grain-size decreasing from the center to the edges of the buried Cu contacts and a pronounced lateral growth outside the laser-cut grooves. The measured specific contact resistances of the buried contacts was better than the production standard. Overall performance of the new PV cells was equal to the production standard with measured efficiencies up to 16.9%.
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