| 1. |
- Auer, R. N., et al.
(författare)
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The distribution of hypoglycemic brain damage
- 1984
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Ingår i: Acta Neuropathologica. - 0001-6322. ; 64:3, s. 177-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rats were exposed to insulin-induced hypoglycemia resulting in periods of cerebral isoelectricity ranging from 10 to 60 min. After recovery with glucose, they were allowed to wake up and survive for 1 week. Control rats were recovered at the stage of EEG slowing. After sub-serial sectioning, the number and distribution of dying neurons was assessed in each brain region. Acid fuchsin was found to stain moribund neurons a brilliant red. Brains from control rats showed no dying neurons. From 10 to 60 min of cerebral isoelectricity, the number of dying neurons per brain correlated positively with the number of minutes of cerebral isoelectricity up to the maximum examined period of 60 min. Neuronal necrosis was found in the major brain regions vulnerable to several different insults. However, within each region the damage was not distributed as observed in ischemia. A superficial to deep gradient in the density of neuronal necrosis was seen in the cerebral cortex. More severe damage revealed a gradient in relation to the subjacent white matter as well. The caudatoputamen was involved more heavily near the white matter, and in more severely affected animals near the angle of the lateral ventricle. The hippocampus showed dense neuronal necrosis at the crest of the dentate gyrus and a gradient of increasing selective neuronal necrosis medially in CA1. The CA3 zone, while relatively resistant, showed neuronal necrosis in relation to the lateral ventricle in animals with hydrocephalus. Sharp demarcations between normal and damaged neuropil were found in the hippocampus. The periventricular amygdaloid nuclei showed damage closest to the lateral ventricles. The cerebellum was affected first near the foramina of Luschka, with damage occurring over the hemispheres in more severely affected animals. Purkinje cells were affected first, but basket cells were damaged as well. Rare necrotic neurons were seen in brain stem nuclei. The spinal cord showed necrosis of neurons in all areas of the gray matter. Infarction was not seen in this study. The possibility is discussed that a neurotoxic substance borne in the tissue fluid and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contributes to the pathogenesis of neuronal necrosis in hypoglycemic brain damage.
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| 2. |
- Löfberg, H, et al.
(författare)
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The cerebrospinal fluid and plasma concentrations of gamma-trace and beta2-microglobulin at various ages and in neurological disorders
- 1980
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurology. - 0340-5354. ; 223:3, s. 70-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concentrations of gamma-trace and beta2-microglobulin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma were determined in 64 individuals of various ages without signs of organic disorder in the central nervous system (CNS). A strong connection was found between the CSF level of gamma-trace and the age of the individual, with the CSF level of newborns being 3--4 times that of adults. A similar, but less marked, connection was found for the CSF level of beta2-microglobulin and the age of the individual. The plasma levels of the two proteins also varied with the age of the individual, but the variations were not as great as those of the CSF levels. The results strongly emphasize the necessity of using age-matched reference values when CSF and plasma levels of the proteins are to be evaluated in different groups of patients. Thirteen children and 98 adults with various neurological disorders were also examined. Significantly increased CSF levels of gamma-trace and beta2-microglobulin as well as increased plasma concentration of gamma-trace and CSF/plasma gradient of beta2-microglobulin were found in infectious disorders. Increased gamma-trace concentration in plasma and beta2-microglobulin concentration in CSF were seen in cerebrovascular disorders. The mechanisms which regulate the turnover of proteins in CSF are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Trope, C., et al.
(författare)
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Human malignant melanoma heterotransplanted to nude mice
- 1981
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Ingår i: Neoplasma. ; 28:5, s. 585-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Five different human malignant melanoma were heterotransplanted subcutaneously to nude mice. When small tissue pieces were used 3 out of 5 tumors grew. Subcutaneous injections of suspended tumor cells were also made, but all failed to take. Metastatic or infiltrative growth was never seen in the mice observed for up to 2.5 months. The successful grafts largely retained the original morphological features. The three successfully transplanted tumors could all be serially transfered with 100% tumor take. In one case passage time was reduced from 40 days to 15 days. As measured with 3H-thymidine incorporation the proliferation rate increased during the passages. These changes might be due to a selection of more rapidly growing tumor cells in the nudes.
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