| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Fredriksson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
The cell wall composition of Norway spruce earlywood and latewood revisited
- 2018
-
Ingår i: International Wood Products Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2042-6445 .- 2042-6453. ; 9:2, s. 80-85
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The xylem of gymnosperm trees consists mainly of tracheids, which generally have larger radial diameters and thinner walls in earlywood than in latewood. Information on possible chemical differences is limited, but according to a few studies, earlywood normally contains more lignin relative to cellulose than latewood. However, for methods giving results per gram dry matter, this result is expected since a larger part of the earlywood cell wall material consists of lignin-rich middle lamella. In this study, we used Raman microspectroscopy to assess relative biopolymer composition of earlywood and latewood secondary cell walls from mature sapwood of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). In addition, infrared spectroscopy of isolated earlywood and latewood from the same growth rings as well as additional growth rings was performed. Both methods showed significantly higher relative lignin content in the earlywood which confirms results from earlier studies.
|
|
| 3. |
- Gennaro, Gisella, et al.
(författare)
-
Quality Controls in Digital Mammography protocol of the EFOMP Mammo Working group
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Physica Medica. - : Elsevier BV. - 1120-1797. ; 48, s. 55-64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article aims to present the protocol on Quality Controls in Digital Mammography published online in 2015 by the European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics (EFOMP) which was developed by a Task Force under the Mammo Working Group. The main objective of this protocol was to define a minimum set of easily implemented quality control tests on digital mammography systems that can be used to assure the performance of a system within a set and acceptable range. Detailed step-by-step instructions have been provided, limiting as much as possible any misinterpretations or variations by the person performing. It is intended that these tests be implemented as part of the daily routine of medical physicists and system users throughout Europe in a harmonised way so allowing results to be compared. In this paper the main characteristics of the protocol are illustrated, including examples, together with a brief summary of the contents of each chapter. Finally, instructions for the download of the full protocol and of the related software tools are provided.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Pedersen, Anders F., et al.
(författare)
-
Operando XAS Study of the Surface Oxidation State on a Monolayer IrOx, on RuOx and Ru Oxide Based Nanoparticles for Oxygen Evolution in Acidic Media
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 122:2, s. 878-887
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herein we present surface sensitive operando XAS L-edge measurements on IrOx/RuO2 thin films as well as mass-selected RuOx and Ru nanoparticles. We observed shifts of the white line XAS peak toward higher energies with applied electrochemical potential. Apart from the case of the metallic Ru nanoparticles, the observed potential dependencies were purely core-level shifts caused by a change in oxidation state, which indicates no structural changes. These findings can be explained by different binding energies of oxygenated species on the surface of IrOx and RuOx. Simulated XAS spectra show that the average Ir oxidation state change is strongly affected by the coverage of atomic O. The observed shifts in oxidation state suggest that the surface has a high coverage of O at potentials just below the potential where oxygen evolution is exergonic in free energy. This observation is consistent with the notion that the metal-oxygen bond is stronger than ideal.
|
|
| 7. |
- Tolbod, Lars P., et al.
(författare)
-
Non-invasive quantification of tumor blood flow in prostate cancer using O-15-H2O PET/CT
- 2018
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : E-CENTURY PUBLISHING CORP. - 2160-8407. ; 8:5, s. 292-302
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tumor blood flow (TBF) measurements in prostate cancer (PCa) provide an integrative index of tumor growth, which could be important for primary diagnosis and therapy response evaluation. O-15-water PET is the noninvasive gold standard but is technically demanding. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of three different non-invasive strategies with an invasively measured arterial input function (BSIF): Using image-derived input functions (IDIF) from either 1) a separate heart scan or 2) the pelvic scan or 3) a populations-based input function (PBIF). Nine patients with biopsy-verified PCa scheduled for prostatectomy were included. All patients were characterized with serum levels of PSA (s-PSA), multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRl) and post-surgical histopathology Gleason Grade. Dynamic O-15-water was performed of the heart and the pelvic area 15 minutes apart. TBF estimated from both wash-in (K-1) and wash-out (k(2)) constants was calculated using a one-compartmental model. Results: Mean (range) s PSA was 12 (3-27) ng/mL, Gleason Grade Group was 2.9 (1-5), k(2) was 0.44 (0.007-1.2), and K-1 was 0.24 (0.07-0.55) mL,/mL/min. k(2) (BSIF)correlated with s-PSA (r=0.86, P<0.01) and Gleason Grade Group (rho=0.78, P=0.01). BSIF, heart-IDIF and PBIF provided near-identical k(2) and K-1 (r>0.95, P<0.001) with slopes near unity. The correlations of BSIF and pelvic-IDIF rate constants were good (r>0.95, P<0.001), but individual errors high. In conclusion, non-invasive protocols for O-15-water PET with IDIF or PBIF accurately measures perfusion in prostate cancer and might be useful for evaluation of tumor aggressiveness and treatment response.
|
|
| 8. |
- Turcot, Valerie, et al.
(författare)
-
Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 50:1, s. 26-41
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >250 loci for body mass index (BMI), implicating pathways related to neuronal biology. Most GWAS loci represent clusters of common, noncoding variants from which pinpointing causal genes remains challenging. Here we combined data from 718,734 individuals to discover rare and low-frequency (minor allele frequency (MAF) < 5%) coding variants associated with BMI. We identified 14 coding variants in 13 genes, of which 8 variants were in genes (ZBTB7B, ACHE, RAPGEF3, RAB21, ZFHX3, ENTPD6, ZFR2 and ZNF169) newly implicated in human obesity, 2 variants were in genes (MC4R and KSR2) previously observed to be mutated in extreme obesity and 2 variants were in GIPR. The effect sizes of rare variants are similar to 10 times larger than those of common variants, with the largest effect observed in carriers of an MC4R mutation introducing a stop codon (p.Tyr35Ter, MAF = 0.01%), who weighed similar to 7 kg more than non-carriers. Pathway analyses based on the variants associated with BMI confirm enrichment of neuronal genes and provide new evidence for adipocyte and energy expenditure biology, widening the potential of genetically supported therapeutic targets in obesity.
|
|
| 9. |
- van Zuydam, NR, et al.
(författare)
-
A Genome-Wide Association Study of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 67:7, s. 1414-1427
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identification of sequence variants robustly associated with predisposition to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has the potential to provide insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of DKD in type 2 diabetes (T2D) using eight complementary dichotomous and quantitative DKD phenotypes: the principal dichotomous analysis involved 5,717 T2D subjects, 3,345 with DKD. Promising association signals were evaluated in up to 26,827 subjects with T2D (12,710 with DKD). A combined T1D+T2D GWAS was performed using complementary data available for subjects with T1D, which, with replication samples, involved up to 40,340 subjects with diabetes (18,582 with DKD). Analysis of specific DKD phenotypes identified a novel signal near GABRR1 (rs9942471, P = 4.5 × 10−8) associated with microalbuminuria in European T2D case subjects. However, no replication of this signal was observed in Asian subjects with T2D or in the equivalent T1D analysis. There was only limited support, in this substantially enlarged analysis, for association at previously reported DKD signals, except for those at UMOD and PRKAG2, both associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate. We conclude that, despite challenges in addressing phenotypic heterogeneity, access to increased sample sizes will continue to provide more robust inference regarding risk variant discovery for DKD.
|
|
