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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Catalán, Maria José, et al.
(author)
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Can suitable candidates for levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel therapy be identified using current evidence?
- 2017
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In: eNeurologicalSci. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-6502. ; 8, s. 44-53
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Advanced Parkinson's disease (APD) is characterized by increased functional disability, caused by motor complications, the presence of axial symptoms, and emergent disease- and drug-related non-motor symptoms. One of the advanced therapies available is intrajejunal infusion of levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG); however, patient selection for this treatment is sometimes difficult, particularly because of overlapping indications with other alternatives. In recent years, strong evidence has supported the use of LCIG in treating motor fluctuations associated with APD, and several clinical studies provide emerging evidence for additional benefits of LCIG treatment in certain patients. This article provides an overview of the published literature on the benefits, limitations, and drawbacks of LCIG in relation to PD symptoms, the psychosocial impact of the disease, and the quality of life of patients, with the aim of determining candidates for whom treatment with LCIG would be beneficial. According to current evidence, patients with APD (defined as inability to achieve optimal control of the disease with conventional oral treatment), a relatively well-preserved cognitive-behavioral status, and good family/caregiver would count as suitable candidates for LCIG treatment. Contraindications in the opinion of the authors are severe dementia and active psychosis.
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| 34. |
- Cerwén, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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The Role of Soundscape in Nature-Based Rehabilitation: A Patient Perspective
- 2016
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In: International journal of environmental research and public health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nature-based rehabilitation (NBR) has convincing support in research, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The present study sought to increase understanding of the role of soundscapes in NBR, an aspect paid little attention thus far. Transcribed interviews with 59 patients suffering from stress-related mental disorders and undergoing a 12-week therapy programme in the rehabilitation garden in Alnarp, Sweden, were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenology Analysis (IPA). Described sounds were categorised as natural, technological or human. The results showed that patients frequently referred to natural sounds as being part of a pleasant and "quiet" experience that supported recovery and induced "soft fascination". Technological sounds were experienced as disturbing, while perception of human sounds varied depending on loudness and the social context. The study further uncovered how sound influenced patients' behaviour and experiences in the garden, through examination of three cross-theme dimensions that materialised in the study; sound in relation to overall perception, sound in relation to garden usage, and increased susceptibility to sound. The findings are discussed in relation to NBR; the need for a more nuanced understanding of susceptibility to sound among people suffering from mental fatigue was identified and design considerations for future rehabilitation gardens were formulated.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Felix, Janine F, et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide association analysis identifies three new susceptibility loci for childhood body mass index.
- 2016
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In: Human molecular genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2083 .- 0964-6906. ; 25:2, s. 389-403
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A large number of genetic loci are associated with adult body mass index. However, the genetics of childhood body mass index are largely unknown. We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of childhood body mass index, using sex- and age-adjusted standard deviation scores. We included 35 668 children from 20 studies in the discovery phase and 11 873 children from 13 studies in the replication phase. In total, 15 loci reached genome-wide significance (P-value < 5 × 10(-8)) in the joint discovery and replication analysis, of which 12 are previously identified loci in or close to ADCY3, GNPDA2, TMEM18, SEC16B, FAIM2, FTO, TFAP2B, TNNI3K, MC4R, GPR61, LMX1B and OLFM4 associated with adult body mass index or childhood obesity. We identified three novel loci: rs13253111 near ELP3, rs8092503 near RAB27B and rs13387838 near ADAM23. Per additional risk allele, body mass index increased 0.04 Standard Deviation Score (SDS) [Standard Error (SE) 0.007], 0.05 SDS (SE 0.008) and 0.14 SDS (SE 0.025), for rs13253111, rs8092503 and rs13387838, respectively. A genetic risk score combining all 15 SNPs showed that each additional average risk allele was associated with a 0.073 SDS (SE 0.011, P-value = 3.12 × 10(-10)) increase in childhood body mass index in a population of 1955 children. This risk score explained 2% of the variance in childhood body mass index. This study highlights the shared genetic background between childhood and adult body mass index and adds three novel loci. These loci likely represent age-related differences in strength of the associations with body mass index.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Fredriksson, Maria, et al.
(author)
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The cell wall composition of Norway spruce earlywood and latewood revisited
- 2017
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In: ; , s. 148-153
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- It is well known that the xylem of gymnosperm trees consists mainly of tracheids and that the dimensions of these cells change over the growth season in temperate regions. When looking at a micrograph of a cross section of a growth ring, it can be seen that early in the season tracheids have larger radial diameters and thin walls, while tracheids formed later in the growth season have smaller radial diameters and thicker walls. However, information on possible chemical differences between these two regions of the growth ring is less abundant. According to a few published studies, earlywood normally contains more lignin relative to cellulose compared to latewood. For studies based on traditional compositional analysis and with results given per gram dry matter, this result is hardly surprising, as it simply expresses that a larger part of earlywood cell wall material consists of lignin-rich middle lamella because cells have larger diameters and thinner walls. However, a few studies based on ultraviolet microscopy indicate that differences in biopolymer composition also are seen when individual cell wall layers are analysed. In this study, we used Raman microspectroscopy to assess the relative biopolymer composition of earlywood and latewood secondary cell walls from Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and compared the biopolymer composition to infrared spectroscopy performed on isolated earlywood and latewood from the exact same growth rings.
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| 40. |
- Fredriksson, Maria, et al.
(author)
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The cell wall composition of Norway spruce earlywood and latewood revisited
- 2018
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In: International Wood Products Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2042-6445 .- 2042-6453. ; 9:2, s. 80-85
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The xylem of gymnosperm trees consists mainly of tracheids, which generally have larger radial diameters and thinner walls in earlywood than in latewood. Information on possible chemical differences is limited, but according to a few studies, earlywood normally contains more lignin relative to cellulose than latewood. However, for methods giving results per gram dry matter, this result is expected since a larger part of the earlywood cell wall material consists of lignin-rich middle lamella. In this study, we used Raman microspectroscopy to assess relative biopolymer composition of earlywood and latewood secondary cell walls from mature sapwood of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). In addition, infrared spectroscopy of isolated earlywood and latewood from the same growth rings as well as additional growth rings was performed. Both methods showed significantly higher relative lignin content in the earlywood which confirms results from earlier studies.
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