| 1. |
- Johansson, Boo, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive abilities in late life, proximity to death and distance from birth
- 2006
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Ingår i: Cognitive abilities in late life, proximity to death and distance from birth. Paper presented at the 18th Nordic Congress in Gerontology, Jyväskylä, Finland..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intra-individual change and continuity in cognitive abilities were examined as a conditional function of distance from birth (chronological age) and death in two Swedish population-based samples drawn from the H70 (70+; age-homogenous design) and the OCTO Twin (80+; age-heterogeneous design) studies. Examined cognitive domains included mental speed, memory, fluid, and crystallized abilities Three alternative time-based modelling approaches were used to fit the data a) an age-related approach b) a time-to–death-related approach, and c) a dual time structure component ap-proach including both age- and death-related time components. The death-related time structure accounts better for the data and age-related changes were largely attenuated when accounting for death-related changes, but death-related changes were relatively unaffected by the age-related sources of variance. The results emphasize that the reliance on age as a basic time structure in cognitive aging re-search can be doubtful and the importance of identifying diseases, co-morbidity and other health-related factors that account for cognitive decline in later life. Future studies need to identify and evaluate more specifically the time-related processes that increase the likelihood of death and produce decline in brain and cognitive functioning in later life.
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| 2. |
- Read, S, et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences after all those years? Heritability of cognitive abilities in old age
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences. ; , s. 137-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated sex differences in genetic and environmental effects on cognitive abilities among older adult twins. We drew participants from the Swedish Twin Registry; our sample included 647 twin pairs. Our cognitive measures included Synonyms, Block Design, Digit Span, Thurstone's Picture Memory, Symbol Digit, and general cognitive ability tests. Higher age was related to lower performance in all cognitive measures, except synonyms. For digit span forward, symbol digit, and general cognitive ability tasks, there was a Sex x Age interac-tion, with greater deficits in the performance of women compared with those of men at higher ages. We found no sex-specific genetic influences. In other words, the same genetic effects were operating for men and women. Furthermore, the magnitude of genetic effect was similar for men and women.
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| 3. |
- Read, S, et al.
(författare)
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Stability and change in genetic and environmental components of personality in old age
- 2006
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. ; , s. 1637-1647
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stability and change in the mean levels and sources of variation in personality was examined. A sample of 149 monozygotic and 202 dizygotic twin pairs over 80 years were studied three times with a 2-year interval between measurement occasions. The Eysenck Personality Inven-tory to measure extraversion and neuroticism was used. Linear mixed models and Cholesky variance decomposition were carried out (age, gender and mortality controlled). High mean level stability was found in extraversion and neuroticism. Mortality was related to lower scores in extraversion and higher scores in neuroticism. In extraversion and neuroticism, ge-netic effects were moderate. Though no new genetic contributions emerged over time, signifi-cant new environmental effects were found over time. Controlling for mortality slightly in-creased genetic effect in extraversion
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| 4. |
- Tsuchiya, Takafumi, et al.
(författare)
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Association of the calpain-10 gene with type 2 diabetes in Europeans: Results of pooled and meta-analyses
- 2006
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Ingår i: Molecular Genetics and Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-7192. ; 89:1-2, s. 174-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted pooled and meta-analyses of the association of the calpain-10 gene (CAPN10) polymorphisms SNP-43, Indel-19 and SNP-63 individually and as haplotypes with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 3237 patients and 2935 controls of European ancestry. In the pooled analyses, the common SNP-43*G allele was associated with modest but statistically significant increased risk of T2D (odds ratio (OR) = 1.11 (95% confidence interval (0), 1.02-1.20), P = 0.01). Two haplotype combinations were associated with increased risk of T2D) (1-2-1/1-2-1, OR = 1.20 (1.03-1.41), P = 0.02; and 1-1-2/1-2-1, OR = 1.26 (1.01-1.59), P = 0.04) and one with decreased risk (1-1-1/2-2-1, OR = 0.86 (0.75-0.99), P = 0.03). The meta-analysis also showed a significant effect of the 1-2-1/1-2-1 haplogenotype on risk (OR = 1.25 (1.05-1.50), P = 0.01). However, there was evidence for heterogeneity with respect to this effect (P = 0.06). The heterogeneity appeared to be due to data sets in which the cases were selected from samples used in linkage studies of T2D. Using only the population-based case-control samples removed the heterogeneity (P = 0.89) and strengthened the evidence for association with T2D) in both the pooled (SNP-43*G, OR = 1.19 (1.07-1.32), P = 0.001; 1-2-1/1-2-1 haplogenotype, OR = 1.46 (1.19-1.78), P = 0.0003; 1-1-2/1-2-1 haplogenotype, OR = 1.52 (1.12-2.06), P = 0.007; and 1-1-1/2-2-1 haplogenotype, OR = 0.83 (0.70-0.99), P = 0.03) and the meta-analysis (SNP-43*G, OR = 1.18 (1.05-1.32), P = 0.005; 1-2-1/1-2-1 haplogenotype, OR = 1.68 (1.33-2.11), P = 0.00001). The pooled and meta-analyses as well as the linkage disequilibrium and haplotype diversity studies suggest a role for genetic variation in CAPN10 affecting risk of T2D in Europeans. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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