| 1. |
- Wolf, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term follow-up by means of a questionnaire of 109 patients with long-lasting orofacial pain.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - : Swedish Dental Association. - 0347-9994. ; 26:3, s. 125-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims were to follow-up, analyse and compare the pain status after 4-9 years with that at the baseline examination of 109 consecutive patients referred to the Pain Group at the Faculty of Odontology in Malmö, Sweden during the period 1988-1993 due to long-lasting orofacial pain. A further aim was to identify predictive factors of significance for pain alteration. 85 (78%) women with a median age of 51 years and 24 (22%) men with a median age of 60 years were included in the study. A survey of the pain status at the follow-up was conducted by means of a mailed questionnaire. The questionnaire covered the following aspects: pain alteration, pain intensity, pain location, medication and education. After one reminder, the non-responding patients were called for a telephone interview. A response level of 85% was obtained. Significant improvements were noted by the patients in the answers of the questionnaire in mainly three areas; the patients answered individually that pain relief had occurred, pain intensity rated on the VAS was lower at follow-up compared to the baseline examination and a decrease in drug use was reported. The responses indicated pain relief for 75% of the patients. However, only 27% of the patients experienced total disappearance of pain. Medication at baseline with opioids, muscle relaxants with central effect, antidepressants, neuroleptics, hypnotics or sedatives was found to be a predictive factor for persistent pain.
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| 2. |
- Eskafi, Mahmoud, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of mandibular advancement device on pharyngeal airway dimension in patients with congestive heart failure treated for sleep apnoea.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - : Swedish Dental Association. - 0347-9994. ; 28:1, s. 41283-41283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continues positive airway pressure (CPAP) is recommended for treatment of sleep apnoea (SA) in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) but is not easily tolerated resulting in poor patient compliance. Mandibular advancement device (MAD) is designed to inhibit pharyngeal airway (PAW) obstruction and may be a valuable alternative. It has been proposed that MAD exerts its effect by increasing PAW dimensions. This has not, however, been clearly demonstrated. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of MAD on PAW dimensions and SA in patients with CHF. Seventeen CHF-patients with mild to moderate heart failure, aged 68 +/- 6 years, (mean +/- SD), range 54-75 years, with sleep apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI) > or = 10 were evaluated. PAW dimensions were studied with and without the MAD, using lateral radiographs in supine position. Nocturnal breathing patterns were studied using a portable polysomnographic device during a single night with and without MAD. A reduction of AHI > or = 30% (arbitrary level) for each individual was regarded as a successful treatment. Mean AHI was reduced from 25.1 +/- 9.4 to 14.7 +/- 9.7 (p = 0.003). The PAW increased in its inferior section in 13 patients (p = 0.0001). AHI decreased > or = 30% in 9 patients (p = 0.003) of whom 8 showed increased PAW dimensions. Reduction of AHI was not significantly related to increased PAW dimensions. In conclusion MAD increased PAW dimensions and reduced SA in patients with CHF. The results may indicate that MAD reduces SA by other mechanism than increasing PAW dimensions.
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| 3. |
- Friberg, Febe, et al.
(författare)
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Context and Methodological Decontextualisation in Nursing Research with Examples from Phenomenography
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 14:1, s. 37-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In both human science and nursing research the concept of context is important. However, context can be understood in different ways. The aim of this article is to elucidate, discuss and problematize context, decontextualization and recontextualization in some health care-related phenomenographical studies. A further aim is to problematize the concet of context in a wider perspective of human complex ohenomena which characterize nursing research demand a broad contextual understanding. Both the local or immediate experiences of the phenomen of interest as well as the socio-cultural discourse. A balance between openness and pliability t the phenomenon is suggested. Reflection is considered an important tool in this process. Within phenomenography, the interest i s directed towards conceptions of certain aspects of the worlds. Thus, context in a wider sense is given a subordinate role. Accordingly, phenomenography is considered to have limited applicability in nursing research when complex phenomena are to be studied.
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| 4. |
- Nydén, K, et al.
(författare)
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Unsatisfied basic needs of older people in emergency care environments : obstacles to an active role in decision making
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 12:2, s. 268-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little attention is paid in Emergency Care Units (ECUs) in Sweden to the special needs of older people. The aim of this study was thus to analyse older people's basic needs in the emergency care environment. The study was carried out with a life-world interpretative approach, and the theoretical framework for interpretation was Abraham Maslow's theory of motivation and personality. Seven informants aged between 65 and 88 years, with various experiences of being patients with urgent as well as non-urgent health-related problems, were interviewed about their experiences of ECU care. Their basic needs at the lower levels of Maslow's hierarchy were well-represented in the data. Higher needs, such as desire to know and understand, appeared to be totally neglected. Safety needs dominated the whole situation. Our conclusion is that standards of care must be developed in Sweden to make older patients feel safer and more secure in ECUs. Furthermore, the principles of nursing care for older patients need to be defined in order to encourage them to take an active part in their own health process.
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| 5. |
- Nyström, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Being a non-urgent patient at an ECU : a strive to maintain personal integrity
- 2003
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Ingår i: Accident and Emergency Nursing. - : Churchill Livingstone. - 0965-2302 .- 1532-9267. ; 11:1, s. 22-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to analyse and describe experiences of being a non-urgent patient in an ECU (emergency care unit). Eleven non-urgent patients were interviewed. The research approach was inductive and interpretative. Seven tentative interpretations and an interpreted whole, i.e., an existential interpretation, revealed that the informants tried to be ‘good’ patients by not demanding much attention from nursing personnel, in an attempt to maintain good relations with the nurses in order to be assured of a positive reception. As health related problems jeopardise personal integrity, patients cannot afford the risk of being looked upon as inappropriate clients in the ECU.
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| 6. |
- Olsson, Maria, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Benzene emitted from glowing charcoal
- 2003
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Ingår i: The Science of The Total Environment. ; 303:3, s. 215-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Benzene was assessed as the predominant aromatic compound emitted from glowing charcoal and firewood embers. Concentrations measured above charcoal used for grilling exceeded 10 mg m?3 at a 5% carbon dioxide level. Charcoal with a high carbon content released less benzene. Glowing wood pellets emitted less benzene than glowing firewood remainders. The emissions of ethene and propene relative to benzene were low for commercial charcoal and wood-pellet embers, but high for firewood ember. The proportions of methylbenzene and naphthalene from charcoal were typically only 10% relative to benzene, and those of benzofuran, dibenzofuran and benzonitrile were typically below 5%. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) indicator phenanthrene was below the 1% level. Adsorbent sampling and GC-MS were used for assessing all the aromatic compounds. Earlier studies of charcoal emissions have focused on carbon monoxide, PAH and dioxins. It is concluded that the carcinogenic benzene may be an even more severe health hazard to be addressed by exposure-decreasing measures.
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| 7. |
- Olsson, Maria, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidative pyrolysis of integral softwood pellets
- 2003
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Ingår i: The Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. ; 67:1, s. 135-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Commercial wood pellets are increasingly used for residential heating. Characterisations were made of smoke components from oxidative pyrolysis of softwood pellets from compressed sawdust and wood shavings. Specific compounds released by flaming and glowing laboratory burning were sampled on Tenax cartridges and assessed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Six lignin-related 2-methoxyphenols with antioxidant properties, together with 1,6-anhydroglucose from cellulose, were the major primary semi-volatile compounds released during flaming burning. Glowing combustion released benzene as the predominant aromatic compound.
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| 8. |
- Olsson, Maria, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Specific chimney emissions and biofuel characteristics of softwood pellets for residential heating in Sweden
- 2003
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Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. ; 24:1, s. 51-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Softwood pellets are mainly produced from sawdust and to some extent from wood shavings. The moisture content is typically less than half of that in firewood. The present annual residential use in Sweden for pellet burners in boilers and for pellet stoves amounts to more than 100 000 tonnes and is increasing rapidly. The total annual production capacity at the more than 20 units exceeds one million tonnes, and permits continued rapid replacement of firewood and petroleum oil for residential heating.With the purpose of characterising emissions to air, chimney smoke was sampled, and specific compounds were assessed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Benzene was the predominant aromatic compound in emissions from pellet burners. The smoke from stoves contained methoxyphenols with antioxidant properties and lower proportions of aromatic hydrocarbons. Observed differences in emissions from specific burning appliances are of interest with regard to both health hazards and regulation of emissions.Consideration of ecological aspects and pollution hazards indicates that wood pellets should be used primarily for residential heating, whereas controlled large-scale combustion is preferable for most other types of biomass waste.
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| 9. |
- Olsson, Maria, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Specific volatile hydrocarbons in smoke from oxidative pyrolysis of softwood pellets
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. ; 71:2, s. 847-854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Samples of smoke from laboratory burning of commercial sawdust-based softwood pellets were analysed by gas chromatography on an aluminium oxide column. Flaming burning was very efficient. Significant emitted hydrocarbons were methane, quantitatively followed by ethene and lower proportions of ethane, ethyne and propene. The even lower hydrocarbon emissions from final glowing combustion were strikingly different with ethyne and benzene as the only prominent non-methane hydrocarbons. Smouldering combustion caused much higher hydrocarbon concentrations. Prominent non-methane compounds were furan and ethene from initial smouldering, and ethane, ethene and benzene from after-flame smouldering. The large differences in the proportions of specific hydrocarbons should be considered in evaluations of emissions from residential burning of pellets, with respect to combustion technology and impact on environment and health.
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| 10. |
- Petersson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Crystal structure of a superantigen bound to MHC class II displays zinc and peptide dependence
- 2001
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Ingår i: EMBO Journal. - : Wiley. - 0261-4189 .- 1460-2075. ; 20:13, s. 3306-3312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The three-dimensional structure of a bacterial superantigen, Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin H (SEH), bound to human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (HLA-DR1) has been determined by X-ray crystallography to 2.6 Å resolution (1HXY). The superantigen binds on top of HLA-DR1 in a completely different way from earlier co-crystallized superantigens from S. aureus. SEH interacts with high affinity through a zinc ion with the β1 chain of HLA-DR1 and also with the peptide presented by HLA-DR1. The structure suggests that all superantigens interacting with MHC class II in a zinc-dependent manner present the superantigen in a common way. This suggests a new model for ternary complex formation with the T-cell receptor (TCR), in which a contact between the TCR and the MHC class II is unlikely.
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