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Safety of a single ...
Safety of a single low-dose of primaquine in addition to standard artemether-lumefantrine regimen for treatment of acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Tanzania
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- Mwaiswelo, Richard (författare)
- Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Parasitol & Med Entomol, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
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- Ngasala, Billy E. (författare)
- Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Parasitol & Med Entomol, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
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- Jovel, Irina (författare)
- Karolinska Institutet
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- Gosling, Roland (författare)
- Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.;Univ Calif San Francisco, Global Hlth Grp, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
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- Premji, Zul (författare)
- Aga Khan Univ Hosp, Nairobi, Kenya.
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- Poirot, Eugenie (författare)
- Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.;Univ Calif San Francisco, Global Hlth Grp, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
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- Mmbando, Bruno P. (författare)
- Tanga Ctr, Natl Inst Med Res, Tanga, Tanzania.
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- Bjorkman, Anders (författare)
- Karolinska Institutet
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- Mårtensson, Andreas, 1963- (författare)
- Karolinska Institutet,Uppsala universitet,Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH),Internationell barnhälsa och nutrition/Mårtensson
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Karolinska Institutet Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Parasitol & Med Entomol, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania (creator_code:org_t)
- 2016-06-10
- 2016
- Engelska.
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Ingår i: Malaria Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2875. ; 15
- Relaterad länk:
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https://uu.diva-port... (primary) (Raw object)
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https://malariajourn...
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https://urn.kb.se/re...
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https://doi.org/10.1...
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http://kipublication...
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Abstract
Ämnesord
Stäng
- Background: This study assessed the safety of the new World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation of adding a single low-dose of primaquine (PQ) to standard artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), regardless of individual glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) status, for treatment of acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Tanzania. Methods: Men and non-pregnant, non-lactating women aged >= 1 year with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria were enrolled and randomized to either standard artemether-lumefantrine (AL) regimen alone or with a 0.25 mg/kg single-dose of PQ. PQ was administered concomitantly with the first AL dose. All drug doses were supervised. Safety was evaluated between days 0 and 28. G6PD status was assessed using rapid test (CareStart (TM)) and molecular genotyping. The primary endpoint was mean percentage relative reduction in haemoglobin (Hb) concentration (g/dL) between days 0 and 7 by genotypic G6PD status and treatment arm. Results: Overall, 220 patients, 110 per treatment arm, were enrolled, of whom 33/217 (15.2 %) were phenotypically G6PD deficient, whereas 15/110 (13.6 %) were genotypically hemizygous males, 5/110 (4.5 %) homozygous females and 22/110 (20 %) heterozygous females. Compared to genotypically G6PD wild-type/normal [ 6.8, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 4.67-8.96], only heterozygous patients in AL arm had significant reduction in day-7 mean relative Hb concentration (14.3, 95 % CI 7.02-21.55, p=0.045), however, none fulfilled the pre-defined haemolytic threshold value of >= 25 % Hb reduction. After adjustment for baseline parasitaemia, Hb, age and sex the mean relative Hb reduction was not statistically significant in both heterozygous and hemizygous/homozygous patients in both arms. A majority of the adverse events (AEs) were mild and unrelated to the study drugs. However, six (4.4 %) episodes, three per treatment arm, of acute haemolytic anaemia occurred between days 0 and 7. Three occurred in phenotypically G6PD deficient patients, two in AL and one in AL + PQ arm, but none in genotypically hemizygous/homozygous patients. All patients with acute haemolytic anaemia recovered without medical intervention. Conclusion: The findings support that the WHO recommendation of adding a single low-dose of PQ to standard AL regimen is safe for the treatment of acute uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria regardless of G6PD status in Tanzania.
Ämnesord
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Klinisk medicin -- Infektionsmedicin (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Clinical Medicine -- Infectious Medicine (hsv//eng)
Nyckelord
- Plasmodium falciparum malaria
- Primaquine
- Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- Anaemia
Publikations- och innehållstyp
- ref (ämneskategori)
- art (ämneskategori)
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