| 1. |
- Santee, M.L., et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder HNO3 Measurements
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 112:D24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- [1] We assess the quality of the version 2.2 (v2.2) HNO(3) measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Earth Observing System Aura satellite. The MLS HNO(3) product has been greatly improved over that in the previous version (v1.5), with smoother profiles, much more realistic behavior at the lowest retrieval levels, and correction of a high bias caused by an error in one of the spectroscopy files used in v1.5 processing. The v2.2 HNO(3) data are scientifically useful over the range 215 to 3.2 hPa, with single-profile precision of similar to 0.7 ppbv throughout. Vertical resolution is 3-4 km in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, degrading to similar to 5 km in the middle and upper stratosphere. The impact of various sources of systematic uncertainty has been quantified through a comprehensive set of retrieval simulations. In aggregate, systematic uncertainties are estimated to induce in the v2.2 HNO(3) measurements biases that vary with altitude between +/- 0.5 and +/- 2 ppbv and multiplicative errors of +/- 5-15% throughout the stratosphere, rising to similar to +/- 30% at 215 hPa. Consistent with this uncertainty analysis, comparisons with correlative data sets show that relative to HNO(3) measurements from ground- based, balloon- borne, and satellite instruments operating in both the infrared and microwave regions of the spectrum, MLS v2.2 HNO(3) mixing ratios are uniformly low by 10-30% throughout most of the stratosphere. Comparisons with in situ measurements made from the DC-8 and WB-57 aircraft in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere indicate that the MLS HNO(3) values are low in this region as well, but are useful for scientific studies (with appropriate averaging).
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| 2. |
- Thomsen, J, et al.
(författare)
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Optical Doppler tomography for monitoring vascularization during photodynamic therapy of skin cancer lesions
- 2008
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Ingår i: BIOPHOTONICS: PHOTONIC SOLUTIONS FOR BETTER HEALTH CARE. - : SPIE. - 1996-756X .- 0277-786X. - 9780819471895 ; 6991
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate vascular changes during Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of skin tumors using optical Doppler tomography (ODT). The effect of vascular shut down on tumor destruction is currently not known, and to optimize treatment it is relevant to investigate this issue further. Optical Doppler tomography is capable of measuring blood flow in biological tissue down to 1-2 mm with sub-mm/s velocity sensitivity and micrometer spatial resolution making it suitable for blood flow measurements in the skin. We demonstrate the ability of detecting blood flow in the human skin using non-interstitial ODT to preserve the non-invasiveness. In general a very limited blood flow activity was observed in normal skin and around skin tumors making monitoring of changes difficult. We suggest solutions to a number of practical issues such as sampling errors and natural fluctuations in flow activity for future work.
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| 3. |
- Bogdan, Cristian, et al.
(författare)
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Generating an Abstract User Interface from a Discourse Model Inspired by Human Communication
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. ; , s. 36-46
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inspired by Human Communication Cristian Bogdan, Jürgen Falb, Hermann Kaindl, Sevan Kavaldjian, Roman Popp, Helmut Horacek, Edin Arnautovic and Alexander Szep Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Computer Technology A 1040 Vienna, Austria {bogdan, falb, kaindl, kavaldjian, popp, horacek, arnautovic, szep}@ict.tuwien.ac.at Abstract Programming user interfaces is hard, error-prone and expensive, but recent advances allow generating them from interaction design models. We present an approach for modeling interaction design that is inspired by human com- munication. Our interaction design models are discourse models, more precisely models of dialogues. They are based on theories of human communication and should, therefore, be more understandable to humans than programs imple- menting user interfaces. The main ingredients of our mod- els are communicative acts (Speech Act Theory), which are connected as adjacency pairs (Conversation Analysis) and via RST relations (Rhetorical Structure Theory). While RST provides useful means for modeling discourse in the sense of monologue, a dialogue results from connecting monologues via adjacency pairs. This paper presents a new metamodel that integrates these approaches. Based on it, we show how abstract user interfaces can be generated from such dis- course models. In a nutshell, we generate finite-state ma- chinery and employ rules devised by us to map parts of a discourse model to abstract widgets.
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| 4. |
- Bogdan, Cristian, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling of interaction design by end users through discourse modelling
- 2008
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Ingår i: 13th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces 2008, IUI'08. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; , s. 305-308
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- End users of software typically have to let someone else develop it and its user interface, or to learn to design and to program it themselves. Especially user interfaces developed by someone else may not fit well the given task. Designing and programming is hard and takes a lot of effort in general, and even more so for people not especially trained or experienced. Therefore, we propose end-user development of user interfaces through a new approach and interface for discourse modeling. End users may themselves model an interaction design as a discourse (in the sense of a dialogue between human and computer). From such an interaction design, eventually a user interface is to be generated automatically by a tool. As a consequence, end-user development becomes end-user modeling instead of programming.
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| 5. |
- Dietzek, Benjamin, et al.
(författare)
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Excited-state dynamics of Ru(tbbpy)(3)(2+) investigated by femtosecond time-resolved four-wave mixing
- 2007
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Ingår i: Laser Physics Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1612-2011 .- 1612-202X. ; 4:2, s. 121-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Femtosecond time-resolved two-color four-wave mixing is employed to study the ultrafast excited-state relaxation processes in Ru(tbbpy)(3)(+2). The relaxation processes leading to a long-lived thermalized (MLCT)-M-3-state are found to take place on two distinct time-scales. An ultrafast process, which is attributed to intersystem crossing, rapidly depopulating the initially photoexcited (MLCT)-M-1-state, is found to take place in less than 200 fs. The second process visible in the experimental data occurs on a picosecond time-scale and is assigned to cooling within the (MLCT)-M-3-state.
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| 6. |
- Falb, J., et al.
(författare)
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A discourse model for interaction design based on theories of human communication
- 2006
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Ingår i: CHI '06 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems. - New York, NY, USA : ACM.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most current models of interaction design build on scenarios and task analysis. We think that interaction design should be more along the lines of communication between humans. With this motivation, our paper presents a new approach to modeling interaction design based on insights from theories of human communication. From such discourse models, we aim for automated generation of user interfaces.
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| 7. |
- Laursen, Brett, et al.
(författare)
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Incorporating interdependence into developmental research : examples from the study of homophily and homogeneity
- 2008
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Ingår i: Modeling dyadic and interdependent data in the developmental and behavioral sciences. - New York : Routledge. - 9780805859737 ; , s. 11-37
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (From the chapter) Our chapter is divided into three sections. The first section includes an overview of developmental approaches to interdependent data. The limitations of previous analytic strategies will be considered, followed by a discussion of procedures that address these limitations. Although these points apply to research on all close relationships, we will limit our examples to research on peers. Our particular focus is peer similarity, which encompasses selection and socialization influences. The second section describes a novel adaptation of the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM; Kashy & Kenny, 2000; Kenny & Cook, 1999) to longitudinal data on friendship homophily. Conventional APIM procedures are well suited to describe concurrent patterns of association; our modified structural equation modeling approach utilizes multiple group analyses with indistinguishable dyads to shed light on socialization and selection effects across time. The third section describes a new statistical application designed to estimate peer group homogeneity from longitudinal data. The SIENA statistical software package (Snijders, Pattison, Robins, & Handcock, 2006) simultaneously models selection and socialization effects over time. We describe how to partition variance into parameters that ascribe similarity to networks, dyads, and individuals. We close with a call for developmental scholars to take seriously the need to incorporate interdependence into the design of new research.
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| 8. |
- Steffensen, Jörgen Peder, et al.
(författare)
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High-Resolution Greenland Ice Core Data Show Abrupt Climate Change Happens in Few Years
- 2008
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 321, s. 680-684
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The last two abrupt warmings at the onset of our present warm interglacial period, interrupted bythe Younger Dryas cooling event, were investigated at high temporal resolution from the NorthGreenland Ice Core Project ice core. The deuterium excess, a proxy of Greenland precipitationmoisture source, switched mode within 1 to 3 years over these transitions and initiated a moregradual change (over 50 years) of the Greenland air temperature, as recorded by stable waterisotopes. The onsets of both abrupt Greenland warmings were slightly preceded by decreasingGreenland dust deposition, reflecting the wetting of Asian deserts. A northern shift of theIntertropical Convergence Zone could be the trigger of these abrupt shifts of Northern Hemisphereatmospheric circulation, resulting in changes of 2 to 4 kelvin in Greenland moisture sourcetemperature from one year to the next.
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| 9. |
- Walker, Mike, et al.
(författare)
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Formal definition and dating of the GSSP (Global Stratotype Section and Point) for the base of the Holocene using the Greenland NGRIP ice core, and selected auxiliary records
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Quaternary Science. - : Wiley. - 1099-1417 .- 0267-8179. ; 24:1, s. 3-17
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Greenland ice core from NorthGRIP (NGRIP) contains a proxy climate record across the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary of unprecedented clarity and resolution. Analysis of an array of physical and chemical parameters within the ice enables the base of the Holocene, as reflected in the first signs of climatic warming at the end of the Younger Dryas/Greenland Stadial 1 cold phase, to be located with a high degree of precision. This climatic event is most clearly reflected in an abrupt shift in deuterium excess values, accompanied by more gradual changes in delta O-18, dust concentration, a range of chemical species, and annual layer thickness. A timescale based on multi-parameter annual layer counting provides an age of 11 700 calendar yr b2k (before AD 2000) for the base of the Holocene, with a maximum counting error of 99 yr. A proposal that an archived core from this unique sequence should constitute the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Holocene Series/Epoch (Quaternary System/Period) has been ratified by the International Union of Geological Sciences. Five auxiliary stratotypes for the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary have also been recognised. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 10. |
- Walker, Mike, et al.
(författare)
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The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Holocene Series/Epoch (Quaternary System/Period) in the NGRIP ice core
- 2008
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Ingår i: Episodes. - 0705-3797. ; 31:2, s. 264-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Greenland ice core from NorthGRIP (NGRIP) contains a proxy climate record across the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary of unprecedented clarity and resolution. Analysis of an array of physical and chemical parameters within the ice enables the base of the Holocene, as reflected in the first signs of climatic warming at the end of the Younger Dryas/Greenland Stadial 1 cold phase, to be located with a high degree of precision. This climatic event is most clearly reflected in an. abrupt shaft in deuterium excess values, accompanied by more gradual changes in delta O-18, dust concentration, a range of chemical species, and annual layer thickness. A timescale based on multi-parameter annual layer counting provides an age of 11,700 yr b2k (before AD2000) for the base of the Holocene, with, an estimated 2 sigma uncertainty of 99 yr: It is proposed that an archived core from this unique sequence should constitute the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Holocene Series/Epoch (Quaternary System/Period).
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