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- Rasmussen, A.A., et al.
(författare)
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Microstructure in electrodeposited copper layers, the role of the substrate
- 2001
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 47:1, s. 67-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The microstructures of Cu layers, ranging in thickness from 3 to 12 µm, were investigated. The layers were electrodeposited from an acidic copper electrolyte onto two distinct substrate materials important for the micro-components industry: an Au layer with a pronounced <111>-texture, and a nano-crystalline Ni-P layer. The evolutions of surface topography, morphology and crystallographic texture in the layers were investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. Distinct surface topographies were observed for Cu layers deposited on the Au and Ni-P substrates. Deposition onto the Au substrate resulted in a very smooth surface of all Cu layers, whereas the Ni-P substrate caused an irregular surface for 3-µm-thick layers of Cu. The crystallographic texture in the Cu layers in the first few micrometres depended strongly on the crystallographic texture in the substrate. The Cu crystallites inherited the <111>-orientation of the Au substrate, whilst no preferred crystallographic orientation was observed in the Cu crystallites on the nano-crystalline Ni-P substrate. For Cu layers thicker than 3 µm a <110>-fibre texture developed on both the substrates. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Granlund, A, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy in high-risk surgical patients.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Langenbeck's archives of surgery (Print). - 1435-2443 .- 1435-2451. ; 386:3, s. 212-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In critically ill patients, cholecystectomy is associated with a high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy and long-term outcome of ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy (USGPC) in critically ill patients with acute cholecystitis.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical records of 51 patients, all considered high-risk surgical patients, with acute cholecystitis treated with USGPC between 1987 and 1999, were retrospectively reviewed. Response was defined as improvement in clinical symptoms and signs, and/or reduction in c-reactive protein and white blood count levels within 72 h. Long-term results were evaluated by means of clinical records and written correspondence.RESULTS: Gallbladder stones were seen in 28 patients whereas 23 had acalculous cholecystitis. Ninety percent showed clinical improvement after USGPC. Cholecystectomy was performed in 16%, of which 6% after recurrent cholecystitis. Recurrence of cholecystitis occurred in 22%. Hospital mortality was 16%. None of the deaths was procedure related or related to acute cholecystitis alone. Major complications relating to the USGPC were rare (4%), while minor catheter-related complications were quite common.CONCLUSIONS: USGPC is a procedure with few complications and a high success rate. In patients with acalculous cholecystitis as well as in many patients with calculous cholecystitis, no further treatment was needed.
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| 5. |
- Standal, T, et al.
(författare)
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Osteopontin is an adhesive factor for myeloma cells and is found in increased levels in plasma from patients with multiple myeloma
- 2004
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Ingår i: Haematologica. - 1592-8721. ; 89:2, s. 174-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objectives. Osteopontin (OPN) is a non-collagenous matrix protein produced by various cells including osteoblasts, osteoclasts and several types of tumor cells. It is involved in a number of physiologic and pathologic events including adhesion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, inflammation, wound healing and tumor metastasis. We wanted to investigate the potential role of OPN in multiple myeloma. Design and Methods. Myeloma cells and stromal cells from myeloma patients were investigated as potential OPN-producers. Furthermore, OPN was tested in proliferation, migration and adhesion assays with myeloma cells. Serum and plasma OPN in myeloma patients were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). OPN levels were correlated to disease variables at diagnosis and to disease outcome. Results. Myeloma cells produce OPN, and stromal cells from myeloma patients express higher levels of OPN than stromal cells from healthy controls. The myeloma cell lines ANBL-6 and INA-6 adhered to OPN. NOD/SCID mice inoculated with OPN-producing ANBL-6 cells had elevated levels of murine OPN in serum, whereas human OPN was not detectable. Plasma and serum levels of OPN were significantly higher in myeloma patients than in healthy individuals. Interpretation and Conclusions. Myeloma cell lines adhere to OPN, indicating that elevated stromal expression of OPN may be one of the factors responsible for the retention of myeloma cells in the bone marrow. The elevated plasma OPN levels in myeloma patients could be due to both production of OPN by the tumor cells and tumor-induced production of OPN by non-tumor cells.
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| 10. |
- Harrison, G, et al.
(författare)
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Association between psychotic disorder and urban place of birth is not mediated by obstetric complications or childhood socio-economic position: a cohort study
- 2003
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Ingår i: Psychological medicine. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 33:4, s. 723-731
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Although urban place of birth has been identified as a risk factor for schizophrenia, the extent to which this association is mediated by socially patterned risk factors such as obstetric complications and childhood socio-economic position is unclear. The diagnostic specificity of the association within the clinical psychotic syndromes is also unclear.Method. A population cohort of 696025 males and females, born in Sweden between 1973 and 1980 and with linked birth and socio-economic data was followed up from age 16 for up to 9·8 years. Hospitalized cases of schizophrenia and other non-affective psychosis were identified from the Swedish Inpatient Discharge Register. We examined associations of these disorders with a three-level measure of urbanicity of birthplace before and after controlling for measures of foetal nutrition, obstetric complications and level of maternal education.Results. Urban compared to rural birthplace was associated both with increased risk of adult onset schizophrenia (hazard ratio 1·34, CI 0·91–1·96) and other non-affective psychoses (hazard ratio 1·63, CI 1·18–2·26). None of these associations was greatly affected by adjustment for obstetric complications or maternal educational level. In the group of other non-affective psychoses urban–rural differences in disease risk were strongest among those born in the winter months.Conclusion. Urbanization of birthplace is associated with increased risk of non-affective psychosis but this is not confined to narrowly defined cases. The magnitude of the association in Sweden is lower than that reported in other studies. Causal factors underlying this association appear to operate independently of risks associated with obstetric complications and parental educational status.
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