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- Reddy, G V, et al.
(författare)
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Utilization of banana waste for the production of lignolytic and cellulolytic enzymes by solid substrate fermentation using two Pleurotus species (P. ostreatus and P. sajor-caju)
- 2003
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Ingår i: PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY. - 0032-9592. ; 38:10, s. 1457-1462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pleurotus ostreatus and P. sajor-caju, were investigated for their ability to produce various lignolytic and cellulolytic enzymes such as laccase, lignin peroxidase, xylanase, endo-1,4-beta-D-glucanase (CMCase) and exo-1,4-beta-D-glucanase (FP activity) on Banana agricultural waste (leaf biomass and pseudostems) at solid substrate fermentation. The production patterns of these extracellular enzymes were studied during the growth of the organisms for a period of 40 days. Both organisms exhibited similar levels of enzyme activities and pattern of production. Leaf biomass was found to be a more suitable substrate compared to pseudostems for enzyme production. Very low levels of cellulolytic enzyme activities were detected compared to lignin degrading enzymes by both the organisms. Maximum specific activities of enzymes were obtained between 10 and 20 days of culture growth.
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| 3. |
- Reddy, S. S., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of microstructural and dry sliding wear characteristics of pulsed Nd:YAG laser surface melted Al-Si alloys
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Surface Treatment: Research and Applications, ASTRA. ; , s. 568-574
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aluminium-Silicon alloys are being increasingly considered for manufacture of wear prone components in automobile and aircraft industries owing to their light weight, superior corrosion resistance and high thermal conductivity, besides their amenability to processing methods such as casting. However, poor tribological characteristics have hampered industrial adoption of the above class of alloys. In principle, the tribological properties of these alloys can be improved by refining the microstructure by laser remelting techniques. Recently, Nd:YAG lasers have been used for processing of reflective materials such as Aluminium, as these lasers have better absorptivity compared to the CO2 lasers. The present study investigates the microstructural characteristics and improvements in sliding wear resistance that can result from surface melting of Al-Si alloys using a 400 W pursed Nd:YAG laser. Three different Al-Si alloys with varying Si content 5%, 12.5% and 20% have been investigated in the present study. The microstructures of the transverse cross sections of the treated samples were examined in detail and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies carried out to ascertain changes in phase constitution. The surface melting and subsequent rapid solidification was found to cause considerable refinement of the microstructure, which in turn increased the hardness in the treated layer compared with that of bulk. The effect of laser beam scan speed on microhardness of the treated samples was evaluated. Dry sliding wear tests were conducted on treated and untreated samples of Al-12Si using a pin-on disc tribometer. The volume wear rates determined in case of the treated and untreated samples are discussed in the paper. The results have also been correlated with the morphological and microstructural characteristics noted in the laser treated specimens. Copyright © 2004 by Society for Advancement of Heat Treatment & Surface Engineering (SAHTSE).
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