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- Jönsson, Bo AG, et al.
(författare)
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Tidstrender för och halter av persistenta fluorerade, klorerade och bromerade organiska miljögifter i serum samt ftalater i urin hos unga svenska män – Resultat från den tredje uppföljningsundersökningen år 2009-2010.
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bakgrund:Studier av tidstrender för miljögifter är viktiga för riskvärdering och åtgärder för att minska exponeringen. Studiens huvudsyfte har varit att fortsatt undersöka halter och tidstrender för klorerade, bromerade och fluorerade POPar i serum och ftalatmetaboliter i urin hos mönstrande unga män. För detta har vi valt att använda oss av mönstringsundersökningen, som de flesta svenska män hittills har genomgått vid omkring 18 års ålder.Metoder:Mönstrande från fyra olika år har studerats. År 2000 samlades serumprover från 274 mönstrande och urinprover från 234, år 2004 samlades serum- och urinprover från 200 mönstrande, år 2006 serumprover från 200 mönstrande och till sist åren 2009-2010 serumprover från 100 mönstande och urinprover från 50. Serumproverna analyserades med gaskromatografi-masspektrometri (CG-MS) med avseende på 2,2’,4,4’,5,5’-hexaklorobifenyl (CB-153), p,p’-diklordifenyldikloreten (p,p´-DDE) samt bromerade difenyletrar (BDE). Urinproverna analyserades med vätskekromatografi-tandem MS med avseende på monoetylftalat (MEP), monobutylftalat (MBP), monobutylbenzylftalat (MBzP) och monoetylhexylftalat (MEHP). I urinproverna från 2009-2010 analyserades dessutom oxiderade ftalatmetaboliter till dietylhexylftalat: 5-hydroxy-MEHP, 5-oxo-MEHP och 5- karboxy-monoetylpentylftalat (5-cx-MEPP) samt diisononylftalat: 7-hydroxy-MiNP, 7-oxo- MiNP och 7-karboxy-monometylheptylftalat (7cx-MMeHP). Trender analyserades med Jonckheere-Terpstra testet.Resultat:Medianhalten i serum för CB-153 för åren 2000, 2004, 2006 och 2009/2010 var 65, 19, 34 och 22 ng/g fett. Medianhalten för p,p´-DDE för åren 2000, 2004, 2006 och 2009/2010 var 88, mindre än detektionsgränsen (De kreatininjusterade medianurinhalterna för åren 2000, 2004 och 2009-2010 var för MEP 83, 24 respektive 12 nmol/mmol, för MBP 24, 20 respektive 5 nmol/mmol samt för MBzP 4, 4 respektive 1 nmol/mmol. För MEHP var värdena Medianhalterna för BDE-47 var 1,32 (2006), respektive 0,63 ng/g blodfett (2009/2010), för BDE-99 0,38 ng/g blodfett respektive Även halter av perfluorerade ämnen bestämdes i proverna från år 2009/2010.Konklusion:Det har skett en påtaglig minskning av serumhalterna av CB-153 och p,p’-DDE hos unga män mellan 2000 och 2010 och beror säkerligen på att dessa ämnen inte längre används i Sverige sedan lång tid tillbaka. De minskade koncentrationerna av ftalatmetaboliter i urin avspeglar troligen en lägre exponeringsnivå till följd av en minskad användning av ftalater i olika produkter ute i samhället. Det finns dock andra ftalater där exponeringen i stället ökar enligt litteraturen. Halterna av de bromerade föreningarna minskade i de flesta fall vilket även detta beror på en minskad eller avslutad användning.
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| 3. |
- Lindh, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Blood serum concentrations of perfluorinated compounds in men from Greenlandic Inuit and European populations.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1298 .- 0045-6535. ; 88:11, s. 1269-1275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), are used in large quantities. They are persistent and found in measurable levels in human serum around the world. They have been associated with developmental, hepatic, and carcinogenic effects in animal studies. The aim of the present study was to describe levels of PFCs in serum among Inuits from Greenland and inhabitants from Warsaw, Poland and Kharkiv, Ukraine. Furthermore, the aim was to define social- and lifestyle related determinants of exposure for these compounds. Serum levels of seven PFCs were analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were the highest of all PFCs in all three populations with a total amount of almost 90% of the PFCs. The mean levels of PFOS and PFOA were in the Greenlandic Inuits 52 and 4.8ngmL(-1), in Poland 19 and 5.2ngmL(-1), and in Ukraine 8.1 and 1.9ngmL(-1), respectively. Thus, levels of PFCs in the serum of Inuits on Greenland were among the highest described in a general population whereas the levels in Poland were similar to other industrialized countries. The exposure in Ukraine was rather low. In the Greenlandic Inuit population, intake of seafood, tea, age and area of living were significant determinants of PFOS concentrations and explained about 22% of the variation. For the other populations no strong determinants were found.
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| 4. |
- Rylander, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Very high correlations between fresh weight and lipid-adjusted PCB-153 serum concentrations: Irrespective of fasting status, age, body mass index, gender, or exposure distributions.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1298 .- 0045-6535. ; 88:7, s. 828-831
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIM: Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) have in epidemiological studies been associated with health hazards. The exposure window might be crucial and it is, accordingly, important to analyze exposure concentrations in samples collected at the window of interest. This makes the use of stored blood samples extremely interesting. However, small blood volumes from stored samples in biobanks means that the researchers in epidemiological studies most often have to select a limited number of biomarkers representing the POP exposure and abstain from analyses of lipid concentrations. This raises the question of the necessity of lipid adjustment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between fresh weight and lipid adjusted concentrations. METHODS: We included data from studies were we have used the PCB congener 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153) as a biomarker for POP exposure and where fresh weight as well as lipid adjusted PCB-153 concentrations are known (n=1628). The variety of the cohort members in the different studies gave us the possibility to better understand how well these measures correlate. RESULTS: When all individuals were included in the analyses a correlation coefficient of 0.95 between fresh weight and lipid adjusted serum concentrations was obtained. Restricting the analyses to specific subgroups (based on gender, fasting status, age and BMI) gave correlation coefficients between 0.85 and 0.97. CONCLUSIONS: This study does strongly support the use of samples from biobanks in epidemiological studies for analyzing PCBs, at least regarding PCB-153, even though it is not possible to lipid adjust the results.
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| 5. |
- Axelsson, Jonatan, et al.
(författare)
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No secular trend over the last decade in sperm counts among Swedish men from the general population.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0268-1161 .- 1460-2350. ; 26, s. 1012-1016
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION Based on historical data, a decline in sperm counts during the years 1940-1990 has been suggested and aetiologically linked to a concomitant increase in the incidence of testicular cancer. This study, focusing on possible changes in sperm parameters among young Swedish men, during the past 10 years, was specifically designed in order to answer the question of whether there is a continuing decline in sperm counts. METHODS During the period 2008-2010, 295 young (17-20 years; median 18) men born and raised in Sweden were recruited at the age they were supposed to undergo medical examination prior to military service. The participants filled in questionnaires, underwent andrological examination and delivered an ejaculate. Their semen parameters were compared with those of a similar cohort of men (n = 216) recruited in the year 2000-2001. RESULTS No significant changes (means; 2000-2001 versus 2008-2010) in sperm concentration (78 × 10(6)/ml versus 82 × 10(6)/ml; P = 0.54), semen volume (3.1 ml versus 3.0 ml; P = 0.26) or total sperm counts (220 × 10(6) versus 250 × 10(6); P = 0.18) were found. The proportion of progressively motile spermatozoa also remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Between the years 2000 and 2010 we found no evidence of time-related deterioration of semen parameters among young Swedish men from the general population. This finding does not exclude that such a decrease may have taken place before year 2000. If the risk of testicular cancer is linked to the sperm counts, the increase in incidence of this malignancy should be levelling off in southern Sweden in the next 10-15 years.
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| 8. |
- Jakobsson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in maternal serum, umbilical cord serum, colostrum and mature breast milk : Insights from a pilot study and the literature
- 2012
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 47, s. 121-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human serum and mother's milk are frequently used to assess exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), including transplacental transfer to the foetus. However, little is known about the kinetics of PBDEs, especially the highly brominated BDE congeners.In this pilot study, maternal serum samples were collected from 10 women at delivery and five to six weeks post partum. Umbilical serum was also obtained. Milk was donated two to five days, and five to six weeks after delivery. The amount of PBDEs in these samples was determined using liquid–liquid extraction and GC/MS.Low, moderately and highly brominated diphenyl ethers were present in umbilical cord serum, indicating placental transfer. The lipid-adjusted levels of BDE-47, BDE-207 and BDE-209 were similar in maternal and umbilical cord serum, whereas the cord serum levels for the penta- to octa-BDEs quantified were lower than in maternal serum.Marked changes were seen in the congener pattern in breast milk during the first month of lactation, whereas maternal serum levels did not change significantly. The general pattern was an enrichment of low to moderately brominated congeners (i.e. from BDE-17 to BDE-154, with the exception of BDE-28) in colostrum compared with maternal serum. In contrast, more highly brominated congeners were found at similar, or lower levels in colostrum than in maternal serum. After the transition from colostrum to mature milk, the levels of BDE-153 and BDE-209 were substantially reduced, and BDE‐209 was below the limit of detection in 6 out of 9 samples.A literature review on the design and reporting of studies on the transfer of PBDEs from mother to infant revealed a lack of transparency in many cases. The use of the recently published STROBE-ME guidelines is therefore recommended.
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| 9. |
- Malmqvist, Ebba, et al.
(författare)
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Gestational Diabetes and Preeclampsia in Association with Air Pollution at Levels below Current Air Quality Guidelines.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 1552-9924 .- 0091-6765. ; 121:4, s. 488-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Several studies have estimated associations between air pollution and birth outcomes, but few have evaluated potential effects on pregnancy complications.Objective: We investigated whether low-level exposure to air pollution is associated with gestational diabetes and preeclampsia.Methods: High-quality registry information on 81,110 singleton pregnancy outcomes in southern Sweden during 1999-2005 was linked to individual-level exposure estimates with high spatial resolution. Modeled exposure to nitrogen oxides (NOx), expressed as mean concentrations per trimester, and proximity to roads of different traffic densities were used as proxy indicators of exposure to combustion-related air pollution. The data were analyzed by logistic regression, with and without adjusting for potential confounders.Results: The prevalence of gestational diabetes increased with each NOx quartile, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.41, 2.03) for the highest (> 22.7 µg/m3) compared with the lowest quartile (2.5-8.9 µg/m3) of exposure during the second trimester. The adjusted OR for acquiring preeclampsia after exposure during the third trimester was 1.51 (1.32, 1.73) in the highest quartile of NOx compared with the lowest. Both outcomes were associated with high traffic density, but ORs were significant for gestational diabetes only.Conclusion: NOx exposure during pregnancy was associated with gestational diabetes and preeclampsia in an area with air pollution levels below current air quality guidelines.
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| 10. |
- Malmqvist, Ebba, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal Exposure to Air Pollution and Birth Outcomes.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 1552-9924 .- 0091-6765. ; 119, s. 553-558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The knowledge about air pollution effects on birth weight, prematurity and small for gestational age [SGA] in low-exposure areas is insufficient. Objectives: The aim of this birth cohort study was to investigate if low-level exposure to air pollution was associated with prematurity and foetal growth and if there are gender specific effects. Method: We combined high quality registry information on 81110 births with individually modeled exposure data at residence for nitrogen oxides [NOx] and proximity to roads with differing traffic density. The data were analyzed by using logistic and linear regression with and without potential confounders. Results: An increased risk for babies being SGA was observed when highest and lowest NOx quartiles were compared, adjusting for maternal age, smoking, gender and year of birth. After additional adjustment for maternal country of origin and parity (which were highly intercorrelated), the increase was no longer statistically significant. However, in subgroup analysis when highest and lowest NOx quartiles were compared, there was still an increased risk for SGA for baby girls Odds Ratio [OR] 1.12 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.01, 1.24), and also if mothers had not changed residency during pregnancy OR 1.09 (95% CI 1.01, 1.18). The confounders with the greatest impact on SGA were parity and country of origin. Concerning prematurity, the prevalence was lower in the three higher NOx exposure quartiles compared to the lowest category. Conclusion: For future studies on air pollution effects on birth outcomes careful control of confounding is crucial.
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