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- Cai, Bing, et al.
(författare)
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A New Drug Release Method in Early Development of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems
- 2012
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Ingår i: Pain Research and Treatment. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2090-1542 .- 2090-1550. ; 2012, s. 953140-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In vitro drug release tests are a widely used tool to measure the variance between transdermal product performances and required by many authorities. However, the result cannot provide a good estimation of the in vivo drug release. In the present work, a new method for measuring drug release from patches has been explored and compared with the conventional USP apparatus 2 and 5 methods. Durogesic patches, here used as a model patch, were placed on synthetic skin simulator and three moisture levels (29, 57, 198 μL cm−2) were evaluated. The synthetic skin simulators were collected after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 24 hours and extracted with pH 1.0 hydrochloric acid solution. The drug concentrations in the extractions were measured by isocratic reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. The results showed that, with the increasing moisture level on the synthetic skin simulator, the drug release rate increased. In comparison with the conventional USP method, the drug release results performed by the new method were in more correlation to the release rate claimed in the product label. This new method could help to differentiate the drug release rates among assorted formulations of transdermal drug delivery systems in the early stage of development.
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| 4. |
- Carlström, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic support for the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in psoriasis susceptibility
- 2012
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Ingår i: Experimental dermatology. - : John Wiley and Sons. - 0906-6705 .- 1600-0625. ; 21:12, s. 932-937
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- NACHT leucine-rich repeat- and PYD-containing (NLRP)3 protein controls the inflammasome by regulating caspase-1 activity and interleukin (IL)-1 beta processing. The contribution of IL-1 beta in the pathogenesis of psoriasis is well recognized. Polymorphisms in NLRP3 and caspase recruitment domaincontaining protein (CARD)8, a negative regulator of caspase-1 activity, have been associated with susceptibility to common inflammatory diseases, such as Crohns disease and rheumatoid arthritis. To investigate the role for genetic variants in the NLRP3 inflammasome in psoriasis susceptibility. In a patient sample comprising 1988 individuals from 491 families and 1002 healthy controls, genotypes for four selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NLRP3 (three SNPs) and CARD8 (one SNP) were determined by TaqMan (R) Allelic Discrimination. Using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), a significant increase in the transmission of the NLRP3 rs10733113G genotype to a subgroup of patients with more widespread psoriasis was demonstrated (P = 0.015). Using logistic regression analysis in 741 patients with psoriasis and 1002 controls, the CARD8 rs2043211 genotype was significantly different in cases and controls in overall terms [OR 1.3 (1.11.5), P = 0.004] and for both genders. Our data support the hypothesis that the inflammasome plays a role in psoriasis susceptibility.
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| 6. |
- Jerhammar, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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YAP1 is a potential biomarker for cetuximab resistance in head and neck cancer
- 2014
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Ingår i: Oral Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 1368-8375 .- 1879-0593. ; 50:9, s. 832-839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Targeted therapy against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) only variably represents a therapeutic advance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study addresses the need of biomarkers of treatment response to the EGFR-targeting antibody cetuximab (Erbitux (R)). Materials and Methods: The intrinsic cetuximab sensitivity of HNSCC cell lines was assessed by a crystal violet assay. Gene copy number analysis of five resistant and five sensitive cell lines was performed using the Affymetrix SNP 6.0 platform. Quantitative real-time PCR was used for verification of selected copy number alterations and assessment of mRNA expression. The functional importance of the findings on the gene and mRNA level was investigated employing siRNA technology. The data was statistically evaluated using Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearmans correlation test. Results: Analysis of the intrinsic cetuximab sensitivity of 32 HNSCC cell lines characterized five and nine lines as cetuximab sensitive or resistant, respectively. Gene copy number analysis of five resistant versus five sensitive cell lines identified 39 amplified protein-coding genes, including YAP1, in the genomic regions 11q22.1 or 5p13-15. Assessment using qPCR verified that YAP1 amplification associated with cetuximab resistance. Amplification of YAP1 correlated to higher mRNA levels, and RNA knockdown resulted in increased cetuximab sensitivity. Assessment of several independent clinical data sets in the public domain confirmed YAP1 amplifications in multiple tumor types including HNSCC, along with highly differential expression in a subset of HNSCC patients. Conclusion: Taken together, we provide evidence that YAP1 could represent a novel biomarker gene of cetuximab resistance in HNSCC cell lines.
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| 7. |
- Ungerbäck, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variation and alterations of genes involved in NFκB/TNFAIP3- and NLRP3-inflammasome signaling affect susceptibility and outcome of colorectal cancer
- 2012
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Ingår i: Carcinogenesis. - Oxford, United kingdom : Oxford University Press. - 0143-3334 .- 1460-2180. ; 33:11, s. 2126-2134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colorectal tumors are continuously exposed to an inflammatory environment, which together with mitogenic signals sustain several cancer hallmarks. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) is a major regulator of inflammation and variation in NFκB-associated genes could potentially be used as biomarkers to identify patients with increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) development, and/or a rapidly progressing disease. In this study, 348 CRC cases and 806 randomly selected healthy individuals from southeastern Sweden were examined with regard to seven polymorphisms in NFκB pathway-associated genes. Log-rank-tests and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis examined the association between the polymorphisms and CRC-specific survival, whereas chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis were used to test for associations between the polymorphisms and CRC susceptibility. Gene expression and loss of heterozygosity analyses of TNFAIP3 were carried out in a subset of tumors to assess its role as a tumor suppressor in CRC. Heterozygous and polymorphic TNFAIP3 (rs6920220), heterozygous NLRP3 (Q705K) and polymorphic NFκB -94 ATTG ins/del genotypes were found to be associated with poorer survival in patients diagnosed with invasive CRC (aHR = 5.2, 95% CI: 2.5-10.9, P < 0.001). TNFAIP3 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in tumors compared with adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa (P < 0.0001) and loss of heterozygosity of 6q23.3 (TNFAIP3) was detected in 17% of cases, whereas only 2.5% of the investigated specimens displayed TNFAIP3 gene mutations. We propose that TNFAIP3 (rs6920220), NLRP3 (Q705K) and NFκB -94 ATTG ins/del polymorphisms are associated with poor survival in patients with advanced CRC and may be used as prognostic markers. Experimental results indicate that TNFAIP3 may act as a tumor suppressor in CRC.
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| 8. |
- Willander, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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MDM2 SNP309 promoter polymorphism, an independent prognostic factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 1600-0609 .- 0902-4441. ; 85:3, s. 251-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The single nucleotide polymorphism SNP309 with a change from T to G in the promoter region of the MDM2 gene is shown to increase the MDM2 protein levels and attenuate the p53 levels and associates with disease progression in several tumors. Objective: In this study, the role of the polymorphism was investigated with regard to the clinical outcome in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Patients: A total of 210 patients with B-CLL were followed for up to 19 yr. Results: The overall survival (OS) of patients with at least one G-allele was significantly shorter when compared with those with two T-alleles (P = 0.024) with a more pronounced difference in patients below the median age. Age at onset of B-CLL was similar irrespective of MDM2 status. The presence of a G-allele in combination with TP53 mutations or unmutated IgVH gene status resulted in an additive risk of death. Conclusion: In this report, with a high proportion of B-CLL patients with an advanced Binet stage and with an unmutated IgVH gene, MDM2 SNP309 was found to be independently associated with OS. The survival difference was more pronounced in younger patients.
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