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- Ison, Catherine A., et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a continuing challenge for molecular detection of gonorrhoea : false negative gonococcal porA mutants are spreading internationally
- 2013
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Ingår i: Sexually Transmitted Infections. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1368-4973 .- 1472-3263. ; 89:3, s. 197-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Identification of genetic targets specific to Neisseria gonorrhoeae for use in molecular detection methods has been a challenge. The porA pseudogene in N gonorrhoeae has been commonly used but recently gonococcal isolates giving a negative result in these PCRs have been reported. Here we describe the characterisation of two such gonococcal isolates received by the reference service at the Health Protection Agency, London, England.Methods: Phenotypic characterisation was achieved using conventional biochemical and immunological tests, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), antimicrobial susceptibility testing, serovar determination and detection of meningococcal PorA using monoclonal antibody 4BG4-E7. Genetic species confirmation was determined using commercial and in house PCRs and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Molecular typing using the N gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed. The DNA sequence of the full-length gonococcal porA pseudogene was determined and compared with published sequences.Results: Both isolates were confirmed, biochemically and immunologically as N gonorrhoeae, but repeatedly gave negative results with two in house real-time PCR assays for the porA pseudogene. Further characterisation of these isolates identified the presence of a meningococcal porA sequence and showed these isolates belong to serovar Bropyst, and to NG-MAST sequence type (ST) 5967 and MLST ST1901.Conclusions: Gonococcal isolates that give false negative results with porA pseudogene PCR assays have now been identified in four countries, three of which are in Europe, and do not appear clonal. This report highlights the genetic diversity of N gonorrhoeae, which remains a challenge for the molecular detection methods.
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| 2. |
- Verhoef, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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A Cross-National Investigation into the Marketing Department’s Influence within the Firm: Towards Initial Empirical Generalizations
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of International Marketing. - : SAGE Publications. - 1069-031X .- 1547-7215. ; 19:3, s. 59-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study of the influence of the marketing department (MD), as well as its relationship with firm performance, includes seven industrialized countries and aims to generalize the conceptual model presented by Verhoef and Leeflang (2009). This investigation considers the antecedents of perceived MD influence, top management respect for the MD, and MD decision influence, as well as the relationships of these three influence variables with market orientation (MO) and business performance (BP). Meta-analytic procedures reveal initial empirical generalizations: Accountability, MD innovativeness, and the customer connection capabilities of the MD relate consistently to all three studied MD influence measures. The generalization also shows that MD influence contributes to BP indirectly through its positive relation- ship with MO and directly through its positive direct relationship with BP.
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