| 1. |
- Hubner, Isaac A., et al.
(författare)
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Common motifs and topological effects in the protein folding transition state.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-2836 .- 1089-8638. ; 359:4, s. 1075-1085
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Through extensive experiment, simulation, and analysis of protein S6 (IRIS), we find that variations in nucleation and folding pathway between circular permutations are determined principally by the restraints of topology and specific nucleation, and affected by changes in chain entropy. Simulations also relate topological features to experimentally measured stabilities. Despite many sizable changes in Φ values and the structure of the transition state ensemble that result from permutation, we observe a common theme: the critical nucleus in each of the mutants share a subset of residues that can be mapped to the critical nucleus residues of the wild-type. Circular permutations create new N and C termini, which are the location of the largest disruption of the folding nucleus, leading to a decrease in both Φ values and the role in nucleation. Mutant nuclei are built around the wild-type nucleus but are biased towards different parts of the S6 structure depending on the topological and entropic changes induced by the location of the new N and C termini.
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| 2. |
- Lindberg, Magns O., et al.
(författare)
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Identification of the minimal protein-folding nucleus through loop-entropy perturbations.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 103:11, s. 4083-4088
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To explore the plasticity and structural constraints of the protein-folding nucleus we have constructed through circular permutation four topological variants of the ribosomal protein S6. In effect, these topological variants represent entropy mutants with maintained spatial contacts. The proteins were characterized at two complementary levels of detail: by φ-value analysis estimating the extent of contact formation in the transition-state ensemble and by Hammond analysis measuring the site-specific growth of the folding nucleus. The results show that, although the loop-entropy alterations markedly influence the appearance and structural location of the folding nucleus, it retains a common motif of one helix docking against two strands. This nucleation motif is built around a shared subset of side chains in the center of the hydrophobic core but extends in different directions of the S6 structure following the permutant-specific differences in local loop entropies. The adjustment of the critical folding nucleus to alterations in loop entropies is reflected by a direct correlation between the φ-value change and the accompanying change in local sequence separation.
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