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- Cardoso, G., et al.
(författare)
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Microgrid reliability modeling and battery scheduling using stochastic linear programming
- 2013
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Ingår i: Electric power systems research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7796 .- 1873-2046. ; 103, s. 61-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the introduction of stochastic linear programming into Operations DER-CAM, a tool used to obtain optimal operating schedules for a given microgrid under local economic and environmental conditions. This application follows previous work on optimal scheduling of a lithium-iron-phosphate battery given the output uncertainty of a 1 MW molten carbonate fuel cell. Both are in the Santa Rita Jail microgrid, located in Dublin, California. This fuel cell has proven unreliable, partially justifying the consideration of storage options. Several stochastic DER-CAM runs are executed to compare different scenarios to values obtained by a deterministic approach. Results indicate that using a stochastic approach provides a conservative yet more lucrative battery schedule. Lower expected energy bills result, given fuel cell outages, in potential savings exceeding 6%.
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- Groissböck, M., et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing Distributed Energy Resources, Passive Measures, and the daily Operation at Campus Pinkafeld
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Building managers and operators as at Campus Pinkafeld are interested in a cost optimal fulfilment of their energy needs. From a strategic point of view they are interested in optimal investments and upgrades. From an operative point of view they are interested in an optimal use of all available resources. This paper shows how the decision support system (DSS) of the project Energy Efficiency and Risk Management in Public Buildings (EnRiMa) will help with this challenges and the integration of the DSS with the existing energy management system (EMS) is one of the key issues for a successful project. The strategic DSS will inform the building owner about possible new technologies that might reduce the total building energy costs or environmental impact. The benefit of an operational DSS is to enable the building operator to use already adopted energy efficiency improving technologies as pre-cooling, pre-heating or any other demand response related tasks to decrease costs and emissions caused by the heating and cooling system of the building. Assuming an upper and lower limit for the room temperature, we model the effect of active equipment control (via changes to either the set point or the valve flow) on the zone temperature taking into account the external temperature, solar gains, the building shell, and internal loads. The energy required to change the zone temperature in each time period is then used to calculate the energy cost or efficiency in the objective function of an optimization problem. This paper reports on example results for Campus Pinkafeld, shows the technical approach, and that such a flexible approach can save 10% costs only on an operational level.
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- Heydari, S., et al.
(författare)
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Real options analysis of investment in carbon capture and sequestration technology
- 2012
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Ingår i: Computational Management Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-697X .- 1619-6988. ; 9:1, s. 109-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among a comprehensive scope of mitigation measures for climate change, CO 2 capture and sequestration (CCS) plays a potentially significant role in industrialised countries. In this paper, we develop an analytical real options model that values the choice between two emissions-reduction technologies available to a coal-fired power plant. Specifically, the plant owner may decide to invest in either full CCS (FCCS) or partial CCS (PCCS) retrofits given uncertain electricity, CO 2, and coal prices. We first assess the opportunity to upgrade to each technology independently by determining the option value of installing a CCS unit as a function of CO 2 and fuel prices. Next, we value the option of investing in either FCCS or PCCS technology. If the volatilities of the prices are low enough, then the investment region is dichotomous, which implies that for a given fuel price, retrofitting to the FCCS (PCCS) technology is optimal if the CO 2 price increases (decreases) sufficiently. The numerical examples provided in this paper using current market data suggest that neither retrofit is optimal immediately. Finally, we observe that the optimal stopping boundaries are highly sensitive to CO 2 price volatility.
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