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| 2. |
- Alwall, J., et al.
(author)
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A standard format for Les Houches Event Files
- 2007
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In: Computer Physics Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-4655. ; 176:4, s. 300-304
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A standard file format is proposed to store process and event information, primarily output from partoti-level event generators for further use by general-purpose ones. The information content is identical with what was already defined by the Les Houches Accord five years ago, but then in terms of Fortran commonblocks. This information is embedded in a minimal XML-style structure, for clarity and to simplify parsing.
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| 3. |
- Amsler, C., et al.
(author)
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Review of particle physics
- 2008
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In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 667:1-5, s. 1-1
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions., plus 2778 new measurements from 645 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors., probability, and statistics. Among the 108 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on CKM quark-mixing matrix, V-ud & V-us, V-cb & V-ub, top quark, muon anomalous magnetic moment, extra dimensions, particle detectors, cosmic background radiation, dark matter, cosmological parameters, and big bang cosmology.
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| 4. |
- Buttar, C.M., et al.
(author)
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The Underlying Event
- 2005
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In: HERA and the LHC: A Workshop on the implications of HERA for LHC physics.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 5. |
- Butterworth, Jonathan M., et al.
(author)
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Introduction to the Monte Carlo models session
- 2009
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In: Proceedings, 1st International Workshop on Multiple Partonic Interactions at the LHC (MPI08): Perugia, Italy, October 27-31, 2008. ; , s. 237-238
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 6. |
- Fairbairn, M., et al.
(author)
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Stable massive particles at colliders
- 2007
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In: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573. ; 438:1, s. 1-63
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We review the theoretical motivations and experimental status of searches for stable massive particles (SMPs) which could be sufficiently long-lived as to be directly detected at collider experiments. The discovery of such particles would address a number of important questions in modern physics including the origin and composition of dark matter in the universe and the unification of the fundamental forces. This review describes the techniques used in SNIP-searches at collider experiments and the limits so far obtained on the production of SMPs which possess various colour, electric and magnetic charge quantum numbers. We also describe theoretical scenarios which predict SMPs along with the phenomenology needed to model their production at colliders and interactions with matter. In addition, the interplay between collider searches and open questions in cosmology such as dark matter composition is addressed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Sjöstrand, Torbjörn, et al.
(author)
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A Brief Introduction to PYTHIA 8.1
- 2008
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In: Computer Physics Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-4655. ; 178:11, s. 852-867
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedThe PYTHIA program is a standard tool for the generation of high-energy collisions, comprising a coherent set of physics models for the evolution from a few-body hard process to a complex multihadronic final state. It contains a library of hard processes and models for initial-and final-state parton showers, multiple parton-parton interactions, beam remnants, string fragmentation and particle decays. It also has a set of utilities and interfaces to external programs. While previous versions were written in Fortran, PYTHIA 8 represents a complete rewrite in C++. The current release is the first main one after this transition, and does not yet in every respect replace the old code. It does contain some new physics aspects, on the other hand, that should make it an attractive option especially for LHC physics studies.
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| 8. |
- Sjöstrand, Torbjörn, et al.
(author)
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Monte Carlo generators
- 2007
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In: CERN-2007-005. - 0531-4283. ; , s. 51-73
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 9. |
- Sjöstrand, Torbjörn
(author)
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Monte Carlo Tools
- 2009
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In: Proceedings, 65th Scottish Universities Summer School in Physics: LHC Physics (SUSSP65): St. Andrews, UK, August 16-29, 2009. - : CRC Press. ; , s. 309-339
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Given the current landscape in experimental high-energy physics, these lectures are focused on applications of event generators for hadron colliders such as the Tevatron and LHC. Much of this would also be relevant for e+e−machines like LEP, ILC and CLIC, or e±p machines like HERA, but with some differences not discussed here. Heavy-ion physics is not addressed, since it involves rather different aspects, specifically the potential formation of a quark-gluon plasma. Further, within the field of high-energy pp/pp collisions, the emphasis will be on the common aspects of QCD physics that occurs in all collisions, rather on those aspects that are specific to a particular physics topic, such as B production or supersymmetry. Many of these topics are covered by other lectures at this school.
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| 10. |
- Sjöstrand, Torbjörn, et al.
(author)
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PYTHIA 6.4 physics and manual
- 2006
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In: Journal of High Energy Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1029-8479. ; 5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Pythia program can be used to generate high-energy-physics 'events', i.e. sets of outgoing particles produced in the interactions between two incoming particles. The objective is to provide as accurate as possible a representation of event properties in a wide range of reactions, within and beyond the Standard Model, with emphasis on those where strong interactions play a role, directly or indirectly, and therefore multihadronic final states are produced. The physics is then not understood well enough to give an exact description; instead the program has to be based on a combination of analytical results and various QCD-based models. This physics input is summarized here, for areas such as hard subprocesses, initial- and final-state parton showers, underlying events and beam remnants, fragmentation and decays, and much more. Furthermore, extensive information is provided on all program elements: subroutines and functions, switches and parameters, and particle and process data. This should allow the user to tailor the generation task to the topics of interest.
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