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- Ji, Jianguang, et al.
(författare)
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Response to Commentary by Pedersen et al.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Schizophrenia Bulletin. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1745-1701 .- 0586-7614. ; 39:3, s. 506-506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Kendler, K. S., et al.
(författare)
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A latent class analysis of drug abuse in a national Swedish sample
- 2013
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Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - 1469-8978. ; 43:10, s. 2169-2178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Drug abuse (DA) is a clinically heterogeneous syndrome. Using medical, legal, death and pharmacy records covering the entire population of Sweden, could we uncover meaningful subtypes of DA? Method. We performed a latent class analysis (LCA) on all individuals in Sweden born 1950-1993 who were registered with DA or its consequences (n=192 501) and then validated these classes using demographics, patterns of co-morbidity with alcohol use disorder (AUD), non-DA crime and psychiatric illness, and the pattern of aggregation and co-aggregation in sibling pairs. Results. The best-fit LCA had six classes : (1) low-frequency pure criminal, (2) high-frequency medical criminal, (3) low-frequency pure medical, (4) high-frequency medical, (5) prescription and (6) death. Each class had a distinct pattern of demographic features and co-morbidity and aggregated within sibling pairs with at least moderate specificity. For example, class 2 was characterized by early age at registration, low educational attainment, high male preponderance, high rates of AUDs, strong resemblance within sibling pairs [odds ratio (OR) 12.6] and crime and the highest risk for DA in siblings (20.0 %). By contrast, class 5 had a female preponderance, late age at registration, low rates of crime and AUDs, high rates of psychiatric illness, high familiality within sibling pairs (OR 14.7) but the lowest observed risk for DA in siblings (8.9 %). Conclusions. DA as assessed by public records is a heterogeneous syndrome. Familial factors contribute substantially to this heterogeneity. Advances in our understanding of etiological processes leading to DA will be aided by a consideration of this heterogeneity.
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- Kendler, K. S., et al.
(författare)
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A Swedish national adoption study of criminality
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - 1469-8978. ; 44:9, s. 1913-1925
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background To clarify the role of genetic and environmental factors in criminal behavior (CB), we examined all CB and violent and non-violent subtypes (VCB and NVCB, respectively) in a Swedish national sample of adoptees and their relatives. Method CB was defined by a conviction in the Swedish Crime Register with standard definitions for VCB and NVCB subtypes. We examined adoptees born 1950-1991 (n=18070) and their biological (n=79206) and adoptive (n=47311) relatives. Results The risk for all CB was significantly elevated in the adopted-away offspring of biological parents of which at least one had CB [odds ratio (OR) 1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-1.6] and in the biological full and half-siblings of CB adoptees (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2-1.6 and OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2-1.3, respectively). A genetic risk index (including biological parental/sibling history of CB and alcohol abuse) and an environmental risk index (including adoptive parental and sibling CB and a history of adoptive parental divorce, death, and medical illness) both strongly predicted probability of CB. These genetic and environmental risk indices acted additively on adoptee risk for CB. Moderate specificity was seen in the transmission of genetic risk for VCB and NVCB between biological parents and siblings and adoptees. Conclusions CB is etiologically complex and influenced by a range of genetic risk factors including a specific liability to CB and a vulnerability to broader externalizing behaviors, and by features of the adoptive environment including parental CB, divorce and death. Genetic risk factors for VCB and NVCB may be at least partially distinct.
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| 7. |
- Kendler, K. S., et al.
(författare)
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Environmental influences on familial resemblance for drug abuse in first-cousin pairs: a Swedish national study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - 1469-8978. ; 44:2, s. 371-379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Using three independent methods, prior studies in Swedish sibling pairs indicate that environmental factors contribute substantially to familial aggregation for drug abuse (DA). Could we replicate these results in cousin pairs? Method Using multiple Swedish public databases (1964-2011), we defined DA using medical, legal or pharmacy registry records and examined concordance in full cousin pairs as a function of age differences, younger-older relationships and geographical proximity while growing up. Results Replicating prior results in siblings, cousin pairs were significantly more similar in their history of DA if they were (i) closer versus more distant in age and (ii) grew up in high versus low geographical proximity to one another. Furthermore, controlling for background factors, having an older cousin with DA conveys a greater risk for DA than having a younger drug-abusing cousin. The greater transmission of DA from older to younger versus younger to older cousin was more prominent in pairs who grew up close to one another. In age difference and geographical proximity analyses, effects were consistently strongest in male-male cousin pairs. In analyses of older -> younger versus younger -> older transmission, effects were stronger in male-male and male-female than in female-female or female-male relative pairs. Conclusions In accord with prior results in siblings, environmental factors contribute substantially to the familial aggregation of DA in cousins and these effects are, in general, stronger in males than in females.
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- Shu, Xiaochen, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer risk among patients hospitalized for Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a population-based cohort study in Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Diabetic Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1464-5491 .- 0742-3071. ; 27:7, s. 791-797
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- P>Aims Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease with potential mechanistic links to immune-related cancers. We aimed at examining the overall and specific cancer risks among hospitalized T1DM patients from the national registers in Sweden. Methods A T1DM research cohort was created by identifying T1DM patients from the Hospital Discharge Register and linking them with the Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for subsequent cancers were calculated among patients with T1DM compared with those without T1DM. Results Two hundred and fifty-eight cases were ascertained with subsequent cancers during the follow-up duration from 1964 to 2006, with an increased overall SIR of 1.17 (95% CI 1.04-1.33) among 24 052 T1DM patients identified at baseline. Significant excess was noted for gastric and skin (squamous cell carcinoma) cancers and for leukaemia. Increased risk of acute lymphatic leukaemia accounted for most of the variation of leukaemia risk (SIR = 5.31, 95% CI 3.32-8.05). Cancer risk varied with sex, age at first hospitalization and numbers of hospitalizations. The risk was higher in women compared with men and in those hospitalized for T1DM at age over 10 years compared with the younger patients. Higher risks were also found among those with more hospital visits. Conclusion By quantifying the variations of overall and site-specific cancer risks after T1DM, the current study provides novel associations between T1DM and subsequent cancers, the mechanisms of which remain to be established.
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- Shu, Xiaochen, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer risk in patients hospitalised for Graves' disease: a population-based cohort study in Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-1827 .- 0007-0920. ; 102:9, s. 1397-1399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The possibility of an association of Graves' disease (GD) with subsequent cancers raised by certain studies. METHODS: Using a database on 18 156 hospitalised GD patients, subsequent cancers were ascertained. RESULTS: Increased risks of thyroid and parathyroid tumours were limited to the early follow-up period, which is probably a surveillance bias. Cancer sites with observed excess included the mouth and breast, in contrast to decreased risks of colon cancer, melanoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. CONCLUSION: Increased subsequent cancers in GD patients appeared to be balanced by decreased risks at other sites; chance cannot be excluded. British Journal of Cancer (2010) 102, 1397-1399. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605624 www.bjcancer.com Published online 30 March 2010 (C) 2010 Cancer Research UK
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- Sodergren, M, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between health-enhancing physical activity and country of birth among women
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of physical activity & health. - : Human Kinetics. - 1543-3080 .- 1543-5474. ; 7:5, s. 613-621
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to examine the association between total self-reported health-enhancing physical activity and country of birth among women living in Sweden.Methods:Women (age 18 to 65 years) born in Sweden, Finland, Chile, and Iraq were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Data were collected by means of a postal questionnaire including the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-long version). Self-reported physical activity data were converted to MET-minutes per week and analyzed as continuous or categorical scores. A total of 2649 women were included in the analyses. The association between physical activity and country of birth was explored using ordinal logistic regression assuming proportional odds.Results:The total physical activity differed significantly between the countries of birth (P < .001). Women from Finland had significant higher odds and women from Iraq had significantly lower odds for reporting higher levels of physical activity, compared with Swedish-born women.Conclusions:The direction of the associations between self-reported total health-enhancing physical activity varied by country of birth, which underlines the need to examine physical activity in each minority group separately.
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