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- Harrison, P. J., et al.
(författare)
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Shared reflex pathways of group I afferents of different cat hind‐limb muscles.
- 1983
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physiology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3751 .- 1469-7793. ; 338, s. 113-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The convergence of group I muscle afferents of different muscle origin onto interneurones in spinal reflex pathways has been investigated using the technique of spatial facilitation of the transmission from afferents to motoneurones. The investigated pathways are those of non‐reciprocal inhibition and of oligosynaptic excitation of motoneurones. Extensive convergence has been found of group I afferents from muscles operating at the same and different joints onto the interneurones interposed in both excitatory and inhibitory, disynaptic and trisynaptic pathways to motoneurones. Convergence has been found between muscle spindle Ia and/or tendon organ Ib afferents from different muscles, thereby extending observations on convergence of these subgroups of group I afferents from the same muscles. The results show that group I afferents of different muscles influence motoneurones via shared neuronal pathways and that transmission from these afferents is influenced by afferents originating in other muscles. The afferent information forwarded to individual motoneurones is therefore the ensemble picture of the length and tension of many muscles. © 1983 The Physiological Society
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| 2. |
- Hermansson, K., et al.
(författare)
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Hydrogen bond studies. CXXXVIII. Neutron diffraction studies of LiNO 3.3H 2O at 120 and 295K
- 1980
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Ingår i: Acta Crystallogr. B, Struct. Crystallogr. Cryst. Chem. (Denmark). - 0567-7408. ; B36, s. 1032-1040
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For pt.CXXXVII see ibid., vol.B35, p.2384 (1979). LiNO 3.3H 2O has been studied by neutron diffraction at 120 and 295 K. The final R(w.F 2) values are 4.5% (120K) and 4.9% (295K). The crystal structure found in a previous room-temperature X-ray study is confirmed: one water molecule is involved in six hydrogen bonds; the other independent water molecule in the structure has a tetrahedral environment comprising two Li + ions and two medium-strong hydrogen bonds. The four different O...O hydrogen-bond lengths increase by 0.02-0.03 Aring going from 120 to 295K. The mean-square amplitudes of vibration for the N and O atoms are found to be closely proportional to temperature. For the H and Li atoms the vibrational amplitudes are less sensitive to temperature. Crystal data: space group Cmcm, Z=4; at 120K a=6.713 (7), b=12.669 (4), c=5.968 (5) Aring; at 295K a=6.8018 (4), b=12.7132 (9), c=5.9990 (4) Aring.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Hermansson, Kersti, et al.
(författare)
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The experimental electron density in lithium hydroxide monohydrate
- 1982
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Ingår i: Acta Crystallogr. B, Struct. Crystallogr. Cryst. Chem. (Denmark). - 0567-7408. ; B38, s. 2555-2563
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The deformation electron density has been studied in LiOH.H 2O at 295K using a combination of X-ray and neutron diffraction data. Notoriously high extinction was present in the neutron data. Despite an attempt to reduce this by shock-cooling, the subsequent refinement of an extinction correction met with only partial success. Limited use was thus made of the neutron data in the determination of static multipole deformation density maps. The resulting peak maximum in the O-H bonds of the water molecule is 0.66 e Aring -3, and of the OH - ion 0.49 e Aring -3. Lower peaks are observed in the lone-pair regions: 0.22 e Aring -3 for H 2O and 0.27 e Aring -3 for OH -. These are to be compared with the results of theoretical ab initio calculations given by Hermansson and Lunnell (1982).
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