| 1. |
- Adcox, K, et al.
(author)
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PHENIX detector overview
- 2003
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In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 499:2-3, s. 469-479
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The PHENIX detector is designed to perform a broad study of A-A, p-A, and p-p collisions to investigate nuclear matter under extreme conditions. A wide variety of probes, sensitive to all timescales, are used to study systematic variations with species and energy as well as to measure the spin structure of the nucleon. Designing for the needs of the heavy-ion and polarized-proton programs has produced a detector with unparalleled capabilities. PHENIX measures electron and muon pairs, photons, and hadrons with excellent energy and momentum resolution. The detector consists of a large number of subsystems that are discussed in other papers in this volume. The overall design parameters of the detector are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Adler, SS, et al.
(author)
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PHENIX on-line systems
- 2003
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In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 499:2-3, s. 560-592
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The PHENIX On-Line system takes signals from the Front End Modules (FEM) on each detector subsystem for the purpose of generating events for physics analysis. Processing of event data begins when the Data Collection Modules (DCM) receive data via fiber-optic links from the FEMs. The DCMs format and zero suppress the data and generate data packets. These packets go to the Event Builders (EvB) that assemble the events in final form. The Level-1 trigger (LVL1) generates a decision for each beam crossing and eliminates uninteresting events. The FEMs carry out all detector processing of the data so that it is delivered to the DCMs using a standard format. The FEMs also provide buffering for LVL1 trigger processing and DCM data collection. This is carried out using an architecture that is pipelined and deadtimeless. All of this is controlled by the Master Timing System (MTS) that distributes the RHIC clocks. A Level-2 trigger (LVL2) gives additional discrimination. A description of the components and operation of the PHENIX On-Line system is given and the solution to a number of electronic infrastructure problems are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
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| 6. |
- Kovács, A, et al.
(author)
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Expression of P-cadherin, but not E-cadherin or N-cadherin, relates to pathological and functional differentiation of breast carcinomas.
- 2003
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In: Molecular Pathology. - 1366-8714. ; 56:6, s. 318-22
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To compare the expression of the cell adhesion molecules P-cadherin, N-cadherin, and E-cadherin in invasive and in situ breast carcinomas relative to clinicopathological features (size, node status, type, grade, and receptors) to determine whether expression patterns relate to specific tumour characteristics.Using immunohistochemistry, 110 invasive and in situ breast carcinomas were examined for the presence, extent, and localisation of all three cadherins. Findings were related to tumour size, type, grade, node status, oestrogen (ER), progesterone, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression for invasive carcinomas and to grade and receptors for in situ carcinomas.P-cadherin was detected in 40% of invasive carcinomas, N-cadherin in 30%, and E-cadherin in 81%. For invasive carcinomas, the presence of P-cadherin significantly correlated with high grade, lack of ER and presence of EGFR, but not tumour size or node status. Carcinomas containing P-cadherin could be put into three categories dependent upon receptor and E-cadherin profile. There were no correlations between E/N-cadherin and size, grade, node status, or receptors. Three of 16 infiltrating lobular carcinomas expressed cytoplasmic but none membranous E-cadherin, and P-cadherin and N-cadherin were present in four carcinomas of this type. E-cadherin was found in all ductal carcinomas in situ, P-cadherin in a proportion of high grade tumours, and N-cadherin in a mixture of grades.P-cadherin but not E/N-cadherin expression in breast carcinomas shows a strong correlation with higher grade (poorer differentiation), lack of ERs, and presence of EGFR, and its expression may aid in the further subdivision of high grade carcinomas.
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| 7. |
- Kovács, Anikó, 1961, et al.
(author)
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P-cadherin as a marker in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions.
- 2003
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In: Journal of clinical pathology. - : BMJ. - 0021-9746. ; 56:2, s. 139-41
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To assess the value of the calcium dependent cell adhesion molecule P-cadherin as a myoepithelial marker in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions.Immunohistochemical analysis of normal breast, sclerotic breast lesions, tubular carcinomas, and ductal carcinoma in situ using a P-cadherin specific antibody and comparison with smooth muscle actin.All myoepithelial cells in normal breast ducts, ductules, and lobules and sclerotic lesions showed strong staining for P-cadherin. There was no staining of tubular carcinomas; myoepithelial cells were demonstrated around in situ carcinomas. Weaker reactivity was seen in a proportion of cells in some hyperplasias and in situ carcinomas. This weak reactivity in these tissues was not seen for smooth muscle actin but in radial scars, tubular carcinomas, and ductal carcinoma in situ staining of stromal cells caused difficulties in the identification of myoepithelial cells.P-cadherin is a useful marker in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions.
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| 8. |
- Palonen, Kari, et al.
(author)
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Politics Revisited
- 2003
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In: Alternatives: Global, Local, Political. - : SAGE Publications. - 0304-3754 .- 2163-3150. ; 28:2, s. 167-170
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 9. |
- Podolyak, Z., et al.
(author)
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gamma-ray spectroscopy with a He-8 beam
- 2003
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In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 511:3, s. 354-359
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The He-8 + Pb-208 reaction was studied in the first experiment with the EXOGAM germanium detector array using beam delivered by the SPIRAL facility. gamma-rays from direct and fusion-evaporation reactions were observed with high resolution. gamma-gamma coincidence data were obtained at a beam intensity level of 105 8He particles per second. Specially designed absorbers and beam detectors could further reduce the background radiation by orders of magnitude.
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| 10. |
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