| 61. |
- Ma, Ye, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient and Effective Dimension Control in Automotive Applications
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 17:3, s. 1583-1591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In automotive industry, the production line for assembling mechanical parts of vehicles must place and weld hundreds of components on the right positions of the platform. The accuracy of deploying the components has great impact on the quality and performance of the produced vehicle. To ensure the assembly accuracy, a critical task in the production process is the so-called dimension quality control. The current state of practice in automotive industries is mainly based on a manual process where experienced engineers use production data to identify accuracy problems and suggest solutions for corrections on fixture adjustment in the assembly line. It is an extremely inefficient process, which typically takes the engineers around ten days for one batch of vehicles and a year to achieve the required assembly accuracy for final production. In this article, we present an automatic technique for dimension control. We formulate the dimension control problem as a constraint programming problem and present a refinement method to prune the exploration space. Our technique can not only identify the wrongly deployed parts leading to dimensional defects, but also provide high-quality fixture adjustment decisions. Experiments conducted on industrial production data from BMW Brilliance Automotive demonstrate the significantly improved efficiency and effectiveness of dimension control in automotive industries with our approach.
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| 62. |
- Muhammad, Imran, et al.
(författare)
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3D porous sulfur-graphdiyne with splendid electrocatalytic and energy storage application
- 2023
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Ingår i: Materials Today Chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 2468-5194. ; 34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The blooming emergence of graphdiyne featuring embellished sp-hybridized carbons has been highly alluring for electrocatalysis and ion storage. Here, a porous 3D material sulfur-graphdiyne (3D-SGDY) is theoretically designed comprising butadiyne chains and sulfur as a heteroatom, owing a stable cubic skeleton and an atypical tuneable indirect bandgap. Compared to sp2-bonded carbon materials, the existence of sp-bonded carbon in 3D-SGDY tuned the direction of organic reactions leading to a single carbon product with numerous storage sites for the metal ions. Anchoring a single Cu atom in 3D-SGDY, we realize the unique Cu–C (3D-SGDY) chemical bonds exhibiting unconventional selectivity for CO2 reduction. The Cu–C bond in 3D-SGDY predominantly forms the *OCHO intermediates in lieu of *COOH and provides an active charge deportation channel during the reduction process of CO2 into CH4 product. Additionally, the porous structure reveals its astounding potential as an anode material by facilitating rapid transportation with a very low diffusion barrier of 0.06 eV and an ultrahigh capacity of 1826.4 mAhg−1 for Ca-ions. This work not only provides the 3D prototype of GDY but also administers the atomic level selectivity for CO2RR and high-performance Ca-ion batteries.
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| 63. |
- Negrini, Matilde, et al.
(författare)
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AAV Production Everywhere : A Simple, Fast, and Reliable Protocol for In-house AAV Vector Production Based on Chloroform Extraction
- 2020
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Ingår i: Current Protocols in Neuroscience. - : Wiley. - 1934-8584 .- 1934-8576. ; 93:1, s. 103-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is a mammalian virus that has been altered to be used as a gene delivery vehicle. Several changes to the viral genome have made them replication deficient so that this aspect of the viral infection cycle is under full control of the experimenter, while maintaining gene expression machinery. Over the last decades, rAAVs have become the gold standard for studying in vivo gene function and are especially favorable for gene transfer in the central nervous system. AAVs have been proven safe and provide stable gene expression over a long period of time. They are extensively used in preclinical experiments and show great potential for clinical applications. However, the use of AAVs in preclinical settings are often held back due to availability. Waiting lines are long at commercial production facilities, and in-lab production is hindered due to lack of specific laboratory equipment needed. Here we present a novel production method that can be carried out in any molecular biology laboratory using standard laboratory equipment. We provide a simple, fast, and streamlined protocol for production that can result in titers comparable with the more time-consuming iodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation method. The yield using this protocol is high enough for any type of study where AAV is the vector of choice.
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| 64. |
- Nie, Huizhen, et al.
(författare)
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The short isoform of PRLR suppresses the pentose phosphate pathway and nucleotide synthesis through the NEK9-Hippo axis in pancreatic cancer
- 2021
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Ingår i: Theranostics. - : Ivyspring International Publisher. - 1838-7640. ; 11:8, s. 3898-3915
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prolactin binding to the prolactin receptor exerts pleiotropic biological effects in vertebrates. The prolactin receptor (PRLR) has multiple isoforms due to alternative splicing. The biological roles and related signaling of the long isoform (PRLR-LF) have been fully elucidated. However, little is known about the short isoform (PRLR-SF), particularly in cancer development and metabolic reprogramming, a core hallmark of cancer. Here, we reveal the role and underlying mechanism of PRLR-SF in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods: A human PDAC tissue array was used to investigate the clinical relevance of PRLR in PDAC. The in vivo implications of PRLR-SF in PDAC were examined in a subcutaneous xenograft model and an orthotopic xenograft model. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tumor tissue obtained from genetically engineered KPC (KrasG12D/+; Trp53R172H/+; Pdx1-Cre) mice with spontaneous tumors. 13C-labeled metabolite measures, LC-MS, EdU incorporation assays and seahorse analyses were used to identify the effects of PRLR-SF on the pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis. We identified the molecular mechanisms by immunofluorescence, coimmunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter luciferase activity. Public databases (TCGA, GEO and GTEx) were used to analyze the expression and survival correlations of the related genes. Results: We demonstrated that PRLR-SF is predominantly expressed in spontaneously forming pancreatic tumors of genetically engineered KPC mice and human PDAC cell lines. PRLR-SF inhibits the proliferation of PDAC cells (AsPC-1 and BxPC-3) in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. We showed that PRLR-SF reduces the expression of genes in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and nucleotide biosynthesis by activating Hippo signaling. TEAD1, a downstream transcription factor of Hippo signaling, directly regulates the expression of G6PD and TKT, which are PPP rate-limiting enzymes. Moreover, NEK9 directly interacts with PRLR-SF and is the intermediator between PRLR and the Hippo pathway. The PRLR expression level is negatively correlated with overall survival and TNM stage in PDAC patients. Additionally, pregnancy and lactation increase the ratio of PRLR-SF:PRLR-LF in the pancreas of wild-type mice and subcutaneous PDAC xenograft tumors. Conclusion: Our characterization of the relationship between PRLR-SF signaling, the NEK9-Hippo pathway, PPP and nucleotide synthesis explains a mechanism for the correlation between PRLR-SF and metabolic reprogramming in PDAC progression. Strategies to alter this pathway might be developed for the treatment or prevention of pancreatic cancer.
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| 65. |
- Niu, Hong, et al.
(författare)
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When the CSI from Alice to Bob is Unavailable : What Can Eve Do to Eliminate the Artificial Noise?
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 IEEE 96TH VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (VTC2022-FALL). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artificial noise elimination (ANE) has arisen as a possible countermeasure for mitigating the influence of artificial noise (AN) at the eavesdropper (Eve). However, conventional ANE schemes require the attainable channel state information (CSI) between the transmitter (Alice) and legitimate receiver (Bob), which reduces the feasibility of this proposal. In this paper, we investigate the issue of ANE without the CSI of Alice-Bob link by minimizing the artificial-noise-to-signal ratio (ANSR). Moreover, the detailed minor component analysis (MCA) algorithm is presented, and the computational complexity is quantified. Simulation results demonstrate that MCA can effectively degrade the influence of AN without the knowledge of CSI.
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| 66. |
- Qin, Gang, et al.
(författare)
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An as-cast high-entropy alloy with remarkable mechanical properties strengthened by nanometer precipitates
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nanoscale. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2040-3364 .- 2040-3372. ; 12:6, s. 3965-3976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-entropy alloys (HEAs) with good ductility and high strength are usually prepared by a combination of forging and heat-treatment processes. In comparison, the as-cast HEAs typically do not reach strengths similar to those of HEAs produced by the forging and heat-treatment processes. Here we report a novel equiatomic-ratio CoCrCuMnNi HEA prepared by vacuum arc melting. We observe that this HEA has excellent mechanical properties, i.e., a yield strength of 458 MPa, and an ultimate tensile strength of 742 MPa with an elongation of 40%. Many nanometer precipitates (5-50 nm in size) and domains (5-10 nm in size) are found in the inter-dendrite and dendrite zones of the produced HEA, which is the key factor for its excellent mechanical properties. The enthalpy of mixing between Cu and Mn, Cr, Co, or Ni is higher than those of mixing between any two of Cr, Co, Ni and Mn, which leads to the separation of Cu from the CoCrCuMnNi HEA. Furthermore, we reveal the nanoscale-precipitate-phase-forming mechanism in the proposed HEA.
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| 67. |
- Qiu, Chun-Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Revealing the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in fuel cell catalyst layers by an in-operando approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Chinese Journal of Catalysis. - 1872-2067. ; 43:7, s. 1918-1926
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate the H2O2-tolerance of non-Pt oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts as well as investigate the H2O2-induced decay mechanism, the selection of an appropriate H2O2 concentration is a prerequisite. However, the concentration criterion is still unclear because of the lack of in-operando methods to determine the actual concentration of H2O2 in fuel cell catalyst layers. In this work, an electrochemical probe method was successfully established to in-operando monitor the H2O2 in non-Pt catalyst layers for the first time. The local concentration of H2O2 was revealed to reach 17 mmol/L, which is one order of magnitude higher than that under aqueous electrodes test conditions. Powered by the new knowledge, a concentration criterion of at least 17 mmol/L is suggested. This work fills in the large gap between aqueous electrode tests and the real fuel cell working conditions, and highlights the importance of in-operando monitoring methods.
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| 68. |
- Qu, Yanhua, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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The evolution of ancestral and species-specific adaptations in snowfinches at the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 10.1073/pnas.2012398118:13, s. e2012398118-e2012398118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Species in a shared environment tend to evolve similar adaptations under the influence of their phylogenetic context. Using snowfinches, a monophyletic group of passerine birds (Passeridae), we study the relative roles of ancestral and species-specific adaptations to an extreme high-elevation environment, the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Our ancestral trait reconstruction shows that the ancestral snowfinch occupied high elevations and had a larger body mass than most nonsnowfinches in Passeridae. Subsequently, this phenotypic adaptation diversified in the descendant species. By comparing high-quality genomes from representatives of the three phylogenetic lineages, we find that about 95% of genes under positive selection in the descendant species are different from those in the ancestor. Consistently, the biological functions enriched for these species differ from those of their ancestor to various degrees (semantic similarity values ranging from 0.27 to 0.5), suggesting that the three descendant species have evolved divergently from the initial adaptation in their common ancestor. Using a functional assay to a highly selective gene, DTL, we demonstrate that the nonsynonymous substitutions in the ancestor and descendant species have improved the repair capacity of ultraviolet-induced DNA damage. The repair kinetics of the DTL gene shows a twofold to fourfold variation across the ancestor and the descendants. Collectively, this study reveals an exceptional case of adaptive evolution to high-elevation environments, an evolutionary process with an initial adaptation in the common ancestor followed by adaptive diversification of the descendant species.
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| 69. |
- Sun, Xiao-dong, et al.
(författare)
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Implementing a novel capture and ligation probe-PCR method in mass screen and treatment to support malaria elimination efforts in the China-Myanmar border region
- 2023
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Ingår i: Malaria Journal. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1475-2875 .- 1475-2875. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundMass screening and treatment (MSAT) for malaria elimination lacks an ideal diagnostic tool to allow sensitive and affordable test of the target population in the field. This study evaluated whether Capture and Ligation Probe-PCR (CLIP-PCR) could be used in a field MSAT in Laiza City, Myanmar.MethodsOn day 0, two dried blood spots were collected from each participant. On day 1, all samples were screened for Plasmodium in a 20 m(2) laboratory with workbench, a biosafety cabinet, a refrigerator, a benchtop shaking incubator and a qPCR machine, by four technicians using CLIP-PCR with sample pooling, at a health clinic of the Chinese bordering town of Nabang. On day 2, all positives were followed up and treated.ResultsOf 15,038 persons (65% of the total population) screened, 204 (1.36%) were CLIP-PCR positives. Among them, 188, 14, and 2 were infected with Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, and P. vivax/P. falciparum mix, respectively. The testing capacity was 538 persons/day, with a cost of US$0.92 /person. The proportion of submicroscopic infection was 64.7%. All positive individuals received treatment within 72 h after blood collection.ConclusionUsing CLIP-PCR in MSAT in low transmission settings can support the malaria elimination efforts in the China-Myanmar border region.
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| 70. |
- Tao, Yonghui, et al.
(författare)
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Design of Planar Directional Coupler using 2-Bit Fragment Structures
- 2021
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Ingår i: Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal. - 1054-4887. ; 36:12, s. 1610-1615
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automatic design of planar directional coupler can be implemented by multi-objective optimization searching for the optimal planar fragment-type structure (FTS). The 2-bit FTS description scheme may include necessary fine structures in fragments to enhance the FTS design. By coding the coupler design space on PCB in 2-bit FTS, defining the FTS design matrix, and searching for the optimal structure, directional coupler can be designed without any structure presetting or artificial intervention. The scheme is demonstrated by designing 10-dB wideband directional coupler with 2-bit FTS scheme. The designed directional couplers are fabricated and tested to show maximum directivity of 58 dB with 36% operation bandwidth.
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