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- Kapoor, Pooja Middha, et al.
(author)
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Combined associations of a polygenic risk score and classical risk factors with breast cancer risk
- 2021
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In: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 113:3, s. 329-337
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We evaluated the joint associations between a new 313-variant PRS (PRS313) and questionnaire-based breast cancer risk factors for women of European ancestry, using 72 284 cases and 80 354 controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Interactions were evaluated using standard logistic regression and a newly developed case-only method for breast cancer risk overall and by estrogen receptor status. After accounting for multiple testing, we did not find evidence that per-standard deviation PRS313 odds ratio differed across strata defined by individual risk factors. Goodness-of-fit tests did not reject the assumption of a multiplicative model between PRS313 and each risk factor. Variation in projected absolute lifetime risk of breast cancer associated with classical risk factors was greater for women with higher genetic risk (PRS313 and family history) and, on average, 17.5% higher in the highest vs lowest deciles of genetic risk. These findings have implications for risk prevention for women at increased risk of breast cancer.
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| 2. |
- Jin, Junchen, et al.
(author)
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PRECOM : A Parallel Recommendation Engine for Control, Operations, and Management on Congested Urban Traffic Networks
- 2021
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In: IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems (Print). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1524-9050 .- 1558-0016. ; , s. 1-11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper proposes a parallel recommendation engine, PRECOM, for traffic control operations to mitigate congestion of road traffic in the metropolitan area. The recommendation engine can provide, in real-time, effective and optimal control plans to traffic engineers, who are responsible for manually calibrating traffic signal plans especially when a road network suffers from heavy congestion due to disruptive events. With the idea of incorporating expert knowledge in the operation loop, the PRECOM system is designed to include three conceptual components: an artificial system model, a computational experiment module, and a parallel execution module. Meanwhile, three essential algorithmic steps are implemented in the recommendation engine: a candidate generator based on a graph model, a spatiotemporal ranker, and a context-aware re-ranker. The PRECOM system has been deployed in the city of Hangzhou, China, through both offline and online evaluation. The experimental results are promising, and prove that the recommendation system can provide effective support to the current human-in-the-loop control scheme in the practice of traffic control, operations, and management.
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| 3. |
- Wang, Xiaoliang, et al.
(author)
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Association between Smoking and Molecular Subtypes of Colorectal Cancer
- 2021
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In: JNCI Cancer Spectrum. - : Oxford University Press. - 2515-5091. ; 5:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Smoking is associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Previous studies suggested this association may be restricted to certain molecular subtypes of CRC, but large-scale comprehensive analysis is lacking.Methods: A total of 9789 CRC cases and 11 231 controls of European ancestry from 11 observational studies were included. We harmonized smoking variables across studies and derived sex study specific quartiles of pack-years of smoking for analysis. Four somatic colorectal tumor markers were assessed individually and in combination, including BRAF mutation, KRAS mutation, CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), and microsatellite instability (MSI) status. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between smoking and risk of CRC subtypes by molecular characteristics, adjusting for age, sex, and study. All statistical tests were 2-sided and adjusted for Bonferroni correction.Results: Heavier smoking was associated with higher risk of CRC overall and stratified by individual markers (P < .trend <01). The associations differed statistically significantly between all molecular subtypes, which was the most statistically significant for CIMP and BRAF. Compared with never-smokers, smokers in the fourth quartile of pack-years had a 90% higher risk of CIMP-positive CRC (odds ratio 1.90, 95% confidence interval 1.60 to 2.26) but only 35% higher risk for CIMP-negative CRC (odds ratio=1.35, 95% confidence interval 1.22 to 1.49; Pdifference 2.1 × 10-6). The association was also stronger in tumors that were CIMP positive, MSI high, or KRAS wild type when combined (Pdifference < .001).Conclusion: Smoking was associated with differential risk of CRC subtypes defined by molecular characteristics. Heavier smokers had particularly higher risk of CRC subtypes that were CIMP positive and MSI high in combination, suggesting that smoking may be involved in the development of colorectal tumors via the serrated pathway.
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| 4. |
- Yang, Guang, et al.
(author)
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Improved Interoperability Evaluation Method for Wireless Charging Systems Based on Interface Impedance
- 2021
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In: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. - 0885-8993 .- 1941-0107. ; 36:8, s. 8588-8592
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The interoperability between the vehicle assembly (VA) and ground assembly (GA) of wireless charging systems has been specified in international standards. SAE J2954 first proposed an interoperability evaluation method based on interface impedance. However, the impedance measurement is challenging at high frequency since the phase difference between the voltage and current is not easy to measure accurately, especially when it is close to 90. Small errors in phase angle measurement are amplified in impedance calculation due to the sine/cosine function. This letter proposes an impedance measurement method using the power decomposition algorithm. By decomposing the input power into two orthogonal components, the impedance angle can be calculated without directly measuring the phase difference between the voltage and current. Thus, the measurement results of the impedance angle do not introduce errors. With the proposal, the high-cost probe or complex high-precision phase difference measurement circuit is not needed. The experimental results show that the conventional methods maximum relative error reaches 80%, making interoperability hard to determine. Reversely, with the proposed method, the relative error of impedance measurement is reduced to less than 10%.
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| 5. |
- Zheng, Siyu, et al.
(author)
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Strong Coupling of Colloidal Quantum Dots via Self-Assemble Passivation for Efficient Infrared Solar Cells
- 2021
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In: Advanced Materials Interfaces. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2196-7350. ; 8:13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The surface passivation of colloidal quantum dots (CQD) is critical for the electronic coupling of CQDs, which significantly affects the photovoltaic performance of CQD solar cells (CQDSCs). Herein, a self-assemble passivation (SAP) strategy of CQDs is introduced to improve CQD coupling. The PbI2 passivation layer prepared using the SAP method can largely improve surface defect passivation of CQDs, diminishing charge recombination induced by the sub-bandgap traps. Meanwhile, extensive theoretical simulations reveal that the self-assembled PbI2 passivation layer works as a "charger bridge" for charge transport between the adjacent CQDs, avoiding CQD fusion. The infrared CQDSCs are fabricated and the SAP-based CQDSC yields an efficiency of up to 12.3%, which is significantly improved compared with that of the conventional CQDSCs with iodide passivating CQD surface. The improved photovoltaic performance in the SAP-based CQDSCs is attributed to increased charge extraction, resulting from strong CQD coupling within the CQD solid films. This work provides a simple and facile way to improve the electronic coupling of CQDs for high-performance infrared CQDSCs.
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