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- Husby, O., et al.
(författare)
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Dealing with L1 background and L2 dialects in Norwegian CAPT
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of ISCA International Workshop on Speech and Language Technology in Education. - : The International Society for Computers and Their Applications (ISCA).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes the CALST project, in which the primary aim is to develop Ville-N, a CAPT system for learners of Norwegian as a second language. Since there is no accepted pronunciation standard in Norwegian, the system uses four dialects (represented by one male and one female speaker each). Ville-N makes use of L1-L2map, a tool for multi-lingual contrastive analysis, to generate a list of expected pronunciation problems. These can be used to tailor pronunciation and listening exercises. The tool can also be used for other target languages. We propose L1-L2map as a collaborative tool for the CAPT community. Index Terms. CAPT, Ville-N, Norwegian, dialects, multi-lingual contrastive analysis, L1-L2map
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- Wik, Preben, et al.
(författare)
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Contrastive analysis through L1-L2map
- 2011
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Ingår i: TMH-QPSR. - 1104-5787. ; 51:1, s. 49-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper describes the CALST project, in which the primary aim is to developVille-N, a computer assisted pronunciation training (CAPT) system for learners ofNorwegian as a second language. Ville-N makes use of L1-L2map, a tool for multilingualcontrastive analysis, to generate a list of language-specific features. Thesecan be used to tailor pronunciation and listening exercises. The tool can also beused for other target languages.
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- Stiernström, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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An ecotoxicological approach for hazard identification of energy ash
- 2011
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 31:2, s. 342-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the EU, ash should be classified by its inherent hazardous effects under criterion H-14 (ecotoxic) in the Directive on waste (2008/98/EC). Today, however, there are no harmonized quantitative criterions for such a classification, but it is stated that biological test systems can be used. In this study seven ash materials were leached and characterized, both biologically and chemically. The objectives were to evaluate if (a) clear concentration-response relationships could be achieved for the selected toxicity tests (bacteria, algae, crustacean and fish). (b) some test(s) are generally more sensitive and (c) the toxic responses were consistent with the chemical analyzes. Interestingly, our results indicate that high concentrations of non-hazardous components (Ca, K) influenced the toxicity of almost all ash eluates, whereas hazardous components (e.g. Zn, Pb) only influenced the toxicity of the eluates ranked as most hazardous. If considering both hazardous and non-hazardous substances, the observed toxic responses were relatively consistent with the chemical analyzes. Our results further showed that the (sub)chronic tests were much more sensitive than the acute tests. However, the use of extrapolation factors to compensate for using the less sensitive acute tests will likely lead to either over- or underestimations of toxicity. Our recommendation is therefore that classification of waste according to H-14 should be based on (sub)chronic test data. Finally, given that treatment of the eluates prior to toxicity testing has a major significance on the concentration and speciation of released substances, further studies are needed in order to propose a relevant testing scheme.
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- Strandberg, Rebecka, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Conflict between reproductive gene trees and species phylogeny among heterothallic and pseudohomothallic members of the filamentous ascomycete genus Neurospora
- 2010
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Ingår i: Fungal Genetics and Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1087-1845 .- 1096-0937. ; 47:10, s. 869-878
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we investigated the genealogies of genes important for sexual identity, i.e. mating-type (mat) and pheromone-receptor (pre) genes, among heterothallic and peudohomothallic taxa of Neurospora. The resulting genealogies were compared with the species phylogeny derived from non-coding sequences. We found conflicting topologies between the reproductive genealogies and the species phylogeny, and these conflicts were supported by both node support analyses and likelihood tests on the relative fit of datasets to alternative phylogenetic hypotheses. We argue that reproductive genes are more permeable to gene flow, i.e. are more often introgressed between species of Neurospora, than other parts of the genome. Certain conflicts between the species phylogeny and both mat genealogies were observed, suggesting that the two mating-type idiomorphs were selectively introgressed into a species from a single ancestral source. Taken together, the results presented here highlight complex evolutionary trajectories of reproductive genes in the fungal kingdom, which may be of importance for reproductive behavior in natural populations.
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