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- Patrignani, C., et al.
(författare)
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REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS : Particle Data Group
- 2016
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Ingår i: Chinese Physics C. - : IOP Publishing. - 1674-1137 .- 2058-6132. ; 40:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including new reviews on Pentaquarks and Inflation. The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov). The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the review articles is also available.
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| 3. |
- Neumann, J. T., et al.
(författare)
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Application of High-Sensitivity Troponin in Suspected Myocardial Infarction
- 2019
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 380:26, s. 2529-2540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundData regarding high-sensitivity troponin concentrations in patients presenting to the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of myocardial infarction may be useful in determining the probability of myocardial infarction and subsequent 30-day outcomes. MethodsIn 15 international cohorts of patients presenting to the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of myocardial infarction, we determined the concentrations of high-sensitivity troponin I or high-sensitivity troponin T at presentation and after early or late serial sampling. The diagnostic and prognostic performance of multiple high-sensitivity troponin cutoff combinations was assessed with the use of a derivation-validation design. A risk-assessment tool that was based on these data was developed to estimate the risk of index myocardial infarction and of subsequent myocardial infarction or death at 30 days. ResultsAmong 22,651 patients (9604 in the derivation data set and 13,047 in the validation data set), the prevalence of myocardial infarction was 15.3%. Lower high-sensitivity troponin concentrations at presentation and smaller absolute changes during serial sampling were associated with a lower likelihood of myocardial infarction and a lower short-term risk of cardiovascular events. For example, high-sensitivity troponin I concentrations of less than 6 ng per liter and an absolute change of less than 4 ng per liter after 45 to 120 minutes (early serial sampling) resulted in a negative predictive value of 99.5% for myocardial infarction, with an associated 30-day risk of subsequent myocardial infarction or death of 0.2%; a total of 56.5% of the patients would be classified as being at low risk. These findings were confirmed in an external validation data set. ConclusionsA risk-assessment tool, which we developed to integrate the high-sensitivity troponin I or troponin T concentration at emergency department presentation, its dynamic change during serial sampling, and the time between the obtaining of samples, was used to estimate the probability of myocardial infarction on emergency department presentation and 30-day outcomes.
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| 4. |
- Brunner, Fabian J., et al.
(författare)
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Application of non-HDL cholesterol for population-based cardiovascular risk stratification : results from the Multinational Cardiovascular Risk Consortium
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 394:10215, s. 2173-2183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The relevance of blood lipid concentrations to long-term incidence of cardiovascular disease and the relevance of lipid-lowering therapy for cardiovascular disease outcomes is unclear. We investigated the cardiovascular disease risk associated with the full spectrum of bloodstream non-HDL cholesterol concentrations. We also created an easy-to-use tool to estimate the long-term probabilities for a cardiovascular disease event associated with non-HDL cholesterol and modelled its risk reduction by lipid-lowering treatment.Methods: In this risk-evaluation and risk-modelling study, we used Multinational Cardiovascular Risk Consortium data from 19 countries across Europe, Australia, and North America. Individuals without prevalent cardiovascular disease at baseline and with robust available data on cardiovascular disease outcomes were included. The primary composite endpoint of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was defined as the occurrence of the coronary heart disease event or ischaemic stroke. Sex-specific multivariable analyses were computed using non-HDL cholesterol categories according to the European guideline thresholds, adjusted for age, sex, cohort, and classical modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. In a derivation and validation design, we created a tool to estimate the probabilities of a cardiovascular disease event by the age of 75 years, dependent on age, sex, and risk factors, and the associated modelled risk reduction, assuming a 50% reduction of non-HDL cholesterol.Findings: Of the 524 444 individuals in the 44 cohorts in the Consortium database, we identified 398 846 individuals belonging to 38 cohorts (184 055 [48·7%] women; median age 51·0 years [IQR 40·7–59·7]). 199 415 individuals were included in the derivation cohort (91 786 [48·4%] women) and 199 431 (92 269 [49·1%] women) in the validation cohort. During a maximum follow-up of 43·6 years (median 13·5 years, IQR 7·0–20·1), 54 542 cardiovascular endpoints occurred. Incidence curve analyses showed progressively higher 30-year cardiovascular disease event-rates for increasing non-HDL cholesterol categories (from 7·7% for non-HDL cholesterol <2·6 mmol/L to 33·7% for ≥5·7 mmol/L in women and from 12·8% to 43·6% in men; p<0·0001). Multivariable adjusted Cox models with non-HDL cholesterol lower than 2·6 mmol/L as reference showed an increase in the association between non-HDL cholesterol concentration and cardiovascular disease for both sexes (from hazard ratio 1·1, 95% CI 1·0–1·3 for non-HDL cholesterol 2·6 to <3·7 mmol/L to 1·9, 1·6–2·2 for ≥5·7 mmol/L in women and from 1·1, 1·0–1·3 to 2·3, 2·0–2·5 in men). The derived tool allowed the estimation of cardiovascular disease event probabilities specific for non-HDL cholesterol with high comparability between the derivation and validation cohorts as reflected by smooth calibration curves analyses and a root mean square error lower than 1% for the estimated probabilities of cardiovascular disease. A 50% reduction of non-HDL cholesterol concentrations was associated with reduced risk of a cardiovascular disease event by the age of 75 years, and this risk reduction was greater the earlier cholesterol concentrations were reduced.Interpretation: Non-HDL cholesterol concentrations in blood are strongly associated with long-term risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We provide a simple tool for individual long-term risk assessment and the potential benefit of early lipid-lowering intervention. These data could be useful for physician–patient communication about primary prevention strategies.
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| 6. |
- Gunduz, C., et al.
(författare)
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Hyperlipidaemia prevalence and cholesterol control in obstructive sleep apnoea: Data from the European sleep apnea database (ESADA)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 286:6, s. 676-688
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objective Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and hyperlipidaemia are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This study investigates the association between OSA and prevalence of hyperlipidaemia in patients of the European Sleep Apnea Database (ESADA) cohort. Methods The cross-sectional analysis included 11 892 patients (age 51.9 +/- 12.5 years, 70% male, body mass index (BMI) 31.3 +/- 6.6 kg/m(2), mean oxygen desaturation index (ODI) 23.7 +/- 25.5 events/h) investigated for OSA. The independent odds ratio (OR) for hyperlipidaemia in relation to measures of OSA (ODI, apnoea-hypopnoea index, mean and lowest oxygen saturation) was determined by means of general linear model analysis with adjustment for important confounders such as age, BMI, comorbidities and study site. Results Hyperlipidaemia prevalence increased from 15.1% in subjects without OSA to 26.1% in those with severe OSA, P < 0.001. Corresponding numbers in patients with diabetes were 8.5% and 41.5%, P < 0.001. Compared with ODI quartile I, patients in ODI quartiles II-IV had an adjusted OR (95% CI) of 1.33 (1.15-1.55), 1.37 (1.17-1.61) and 1.33 (1.12-1.58) (P < 0.001), respectively, for hyperlipidaemia. Obesity was defined as a significant risk factor for hyperlipidaemia. Subgroups of OSA patients with cardio-metabolic comorbidities demonstrated higher prevalence of HL. In addition, differences in hyperlipidaemia prevalence were reported in European geographical regions with the highest prevalence in Central Europe. Conclusion Obstructive sleep apnoea, in particular intermittent hypoxia, was independently associated with the prevalence of hyperlipidaemia diagnosis.
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| 8. |
- Camen, S., et al.
(författare)
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Temporal relations between atrial fibrillation and ischemic stroke and their prognostic impact on mortality
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 39, s. 204-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke are common diseases and AF is a well-established risk factor for stroke. The physiological mechanism of atrial dysfunction, disturbed hemodynamics and arterial thromboembolism links the pathologies. However, limited evidence is available on the temporal relationship between stroke and AF and the impact of subsequent disease onset on mortality in the community.Methods and results: Across five prospective community cohorts (DanMONICA, FINRISK, Moli-Sani project, Northern Sweden MONICA study, The Tromsø Study) of the Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Europe (BiomarCaRE)-project we assessed baseline cardiovascular risk factors in 101164 individuals, median age 46.1 (25th, 75th percentile 35.8, 57.6) years, 48.4% men. We followed them for incident stroke and AF and determined the relation of subsequent disease diagnosis with overall mortality. Follow-up (FU) for stroke and AF was based upon linkage with national hospitalization registries or administrative registries for ambulatory visits to specialized hospitals.Over a median FU of 16.1 years N=4556 individuals were diagnosed solely with AF, N=2269 had a stroke but no AF diagnosed, and N=898 developed both stroke and AF during FU. Participants who developed either AF or stroke as the index event revealed a similar baseline risk factor profile. Temporal relations showed a peak of the diagnosis of both diseases within the years around the diagnosis of the other disease. The highest incidence rates of stroke were observed within a five-year interval prior to AF diagnosis. Cox regression showed an association of baseline stroke with diagnosis of AF during FU (hazard ratio (HR) 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.50; p<0.001).In multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analyses with time-dependent covariates excluding individuals with diagnosis of both AF and stroke or death within 30 days, subsequent diagnosis of AF after stroke was associated with a higher overall mortality (HR, 3.51; 95% CI 1.87–6.59; p<0.001); subsequent stroke after the diagnosis of AF was associated with a HR of 2.39 (95% CI 1.59–3.60; p<0.001).Conclusions: Stroke and AF are common comorbidities in older adults with an overlapping risk factor profile. The temporal relations appear to be bidirectional, although uncertainty regarding disease onset remains due to the often paroxysmal and asymptomatic nature of AF. Stroke may precede detection of AF by years. The subsequent diagnosis of both diseases significantly increases mortality risk. Whether targeting modifiable risk factors or improved screening for AF after stroke would improve survival needs to be determined.
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| 9. |
- Csengeri, D., et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol consumption and risk of atrial fibrillation - results from the BiomarCaRE Consortium
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 39, s. 902-903
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an arrhythmia with high impact on public health. Among modifiable risk factors for the disease the role of alcohol consumption (AC) has remained inconsistent.Purpose: To assess the association between AC and incident AF across European cohorts.Methods: To study the association between self-reported AC and incident AF in N=107,845 community-based individuals from the BiomarCaRE consortium, 106,915 individuals free of AF at baseline were followed up for AF and stroke after AF. We assessed AC using validated questionnaires. Biomarkers N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (Nt-proBNP) and high sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) were measured.Results: The median age of individuals was 47.8 years, 48.3% were men. The median of right-winsorized AC was 3 g/day. N=6,055 individuals developed AF (median follow-up time: 13.9 years). In a linear multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analyses, AC was linearly and positively associated with incident AF (Figure), hazard ratio (HR) per g/day 1.009, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.007- 1.012, P<0.001. For one drink (12g) per day the HR was 1.15, CI 1.12–1.18, P<0.001. There was a high heterogeneity in associations across cohorts.No significant interactions of the association by Nt-proBNP and hsTnI were observed. AC was positively related to stroke risk after diagnosis of AF (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04–1.34, P=0.012).Conclusions: In contrast to other cardiovascular diseases, we did not observe a U-shaped association of alcohol with incident AF in the community, but a rather linearly increasing relation.
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