| 1. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 2. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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| 4. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
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| 5. |
- Al Karim, Miftah, et al.
(författare)
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Synchrophasor-based data mining for power system fault analysis
- 2012
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Ingår i: Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT Europe), 2012 3rd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on. - : IEEE. - 9781467325974 ; , s. 6465843-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phasor measurement units can provide high resolution and synchronized power system data, which can be effectively utilized for the implementation of data mining techniques. Data mining, based on pattern recognition algorithms can be of significant help for power system analysis, as high definition data is often complex to comprehend. In this paper three pattern recognition algorithms are applied to perform the data mining tasks. The deployment is carried out firstly for fault data classification, secondly for checking which faults are occurring more frequently and thirdly for identifying the root cause of a fault by clustering the parameters behind each scenario. For such purposes three algorithms are chosen, k-Nearest Neighbor, Naïve Bayes and the k-means Clustering.
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| 6. |
- Babazadeh, Davood, et al.
(författare)
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A Platform for Wide Area Monitoring and Control System ICT Analysis and Development
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2013 IEEE Grenoble Conference PowerTech, POWERTECH 2013. - : IEEE. - 9781467356695
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- PMU-based Wide Area Monitoring and Control(WAMC) system is introduced to improve the monitoring ofpower grid across large geographic areas and control the gridusing more efficient and smart applications. The performance ofWAMC applications in real power system scenarios and impactof their supporting Information and Communication Technology(ICT) on the data quality can be quantified and analyzed bypseudo-real co-simulation test beds. The purpose of this study isto propose and develop a WAMC testing platform to facilitate thereal-time simulation of dynamic power grid, the ICTinfrastructure that overlays the grid and WAMS applications.The platform consists of OPNET, a powerful communicationnetwork emulator, connected to a real-time power systemsimulator through virtualized PMU device. The end pointstations such as Phasor Data Concentrator or PMU-basedapplications are also linked to the platform through OPNET’sreal-simulation gateway called SITL (System-In-The-Loop). Toassess the performance of the platform architecture, a case studyhas been performed with five PMUs which collect the data from apower model and deliver to PMU-based mode-estimationapplication over a typical communication network. In this study,the results explicitly intend to quantify the effect of networkprotocols on data delay.
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| 7. |
- Babazadeh, Davood, et al.
(författare)
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Real-Time Smart Grid Application Testing using OPNET SITL
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phasor -based Wide Area Monitoring and Control (WAMC) system promise to improve the monitoring of power grid across large geographic areas and accordingly controlling grid in more efficient and intelligent ways. In order to have confidence on the correctness, performance and reliability of applications used in WAMC system in real world scenarios, pseudo-real test beds where the requirements for the applications and their supporting Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can be quantified and analyzed. In this paper, a WAMC system testing platform is proposed to facilitate the real-time simulation of dynamic power grid, the ICT infrastructure that overlays the grid and WAMC applications. The proposed platform consists of OPNET as a powerful communication network simulator connected to real-time power system simulator on one side through virtualized Phasor Measurement Unit device, and linked to end point stations such as Phasor Data Concentrator or application on the other side through OPNET’s real-simulation gateway. A set of proof of concept scenarios using this framework is presented.
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| 8. |
- Björkman, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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SCADA system architectures
- 2010
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of deliverable 2.3 in the VIKING is to catalogue architecture patterns or reference architectures, i.e. commonly deployed solutions, for SCADA systems. These patterns are represented as a set of descriptions that capture the vast majority of SCADA systems’ architecture on a high level. The patterns developed in this report focus on: - Software services in SCADA systems and software services which SCADA systems exchange data with. - Data flows among these services. - How services are placed in different security zones (network zones). The purpose of the SCADA architecture patterns is to clarify how SCADA systems are commonly designed by employing a stringent model framework. Internal in the project the SCADA patterns will be used to develop SCADA system design models that reflect some typical systems deployed in industry. These models will be used in other work packages and deliverables in the VIKING project.
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| 9. |
- Bottura, Riccardo, et al.
(författare)
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SITL and HLA Co-simulation Platforms : Tools for Analysis of the Integrated ICT and Electric Power System
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2013 IEEE EUROCON. - 9781467322300
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the necessity of developing analysis tools inthe integrated ICT and power system domain, this paperdescribes and compares the architecture and configuration oftwo different co-simulation approaches called SITL and HLACo-simulation platforms. We provide several details on theirimplementation and present their features by means of theresults obtained for two test cases. The paper aims at clarifyingthe type of analysis that can be effectively carried out by usingthe two different platforms. Both platforms make use of thecommunication network simulator OPNET (Optimum NetworkPerformance). One of the two platforms operates in real time, inorder to perform system-in-the-loop (SITL) simulations. Theother platform is based on the interface between OPNET and thepower network simulation environment EMTP (ElectromagneticTransient Program). The interface is based on the application ofthe High-Level Architecture (HLA) standard.
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| 10. |
- Estrada, Karol, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 56 bone mineral density loci and reveals 14 loci associated with risk of fracture.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 44:5, s. 491-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone mineral density (BMD) is the most widely used predictor of fracture risk. We performed the largest meta-analysis to date on lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, including 17 genome-wide association studies and 32,961 individuals of European and east Asian ancestry. We tested the top BMD-associated markers for replication in 50,933 independent subjects and for association with risk of low-trauma fracture in 31,016 individuals with a history of fracture (cases) and 102,444 controls. We identified 56 loci (32 new) associated with BMD at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)). Several of these factors cluster within the RANK-RANKL-OPG, mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, endochondral ossification and Wnt signaling pathways. However, we also discovered loci that were localized to genes not known to have a role in bone biology. Fourteen BMD-associated loci were also associated with fracture risk (P < 5 × 10(-4), Bonferroni corrected), of which six reached P < 5 × 10(-8), including at 18p11.21 (FAM210A), 7q21.3 (SLC25A13), 11q13.2 (LRP5), 4q22.1 (MEPE), 2p16.2 (SPTBN1) and 10q21.1 (DKK1). These findings shed light on the genetic architecture and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying BMD variation and fracture susceptibility.
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