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- Khadilkar, Pramod, et al.
(författare)
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Can Design Be Non-paternalistic? Conceptualizing Paternalism in the Design Profession
- 2021
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Ingår i: SHE JI-THE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ECONOMICS AND INNOVATION. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8726. ; 7:4, s. 589-610
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paternalism is an instance of someone making a decision on behalf of someone else. A professional designer can exhibit paternalism through conceptualizing, defining, and selecting current or preferable situations or while finalizing outcomes for stakeholders. Paternalism is thus, a critical ethical dimension related to the design profession. The design academy and community must theorize paternalism if we are to avoid or reduce it. Paternalism may be present at three critical junctures of design decision making. Our three-layer framework examines paternalism as it relates to design process decisions, decisions about participation in design, and normative framework decisions. The circular model represents the hierarchy of paternalistic decision making: any effort to overcome paternalism at the (inner) design level or (middle) participatory level will be ineffective if it is present in the (outer) normative layer. We discuss the extent of possible exhibitions of paternalism and the challenges to avoiding it in decisions at each layer, and contrast these briefly with overtly paternalistic design approaches, such as design for behavior change. We find that design may be inherently paternalistic, at times may need to be that way (in certain contexts especially, where expertise is required for decisions to be made accurately), and that it is up to the individual designer whether they exhibit paternalism in their design decisions or not.
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- Luro, Francisco Lopez, et al.
(författare)
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Ethical considerations for the use of virtual reality : An evaluation of practices in academia and industry
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and 22nd Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments. - : ACM Digital Library. ; , s. 141-148
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The following article offers a set of recommendations that are considered relevant for designing and executing experiences with Virtual Reality (VR) technology. It presents a brief review of the history and evolution of VR, along with the physiological issues related to its use. Additionally, typical practices in VR, used by both academia and industry are discussed and contrasted. These were further analysed from an ethical perspective, guided by legal and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) frameworks, to understand their motivation and goals, and the rights and responsibilities related to the exposure of research participants and final consumers to VR. Our results showed that there is a significant disparity between practices in academia and industry, and for industry specifically, there can be breaches of user protection regulations and poor ethical practices. The differences found are mainly in regards to the type of content presented, the overall setup of VR experiences, and the amount of information provided to participants or consumers respectively. To contribute to this issue, this study highlights some ethical aspects and also offers practical considerations that aim, not only to have more appropriate practices with VR in public spaces but also to motivate a discussion and reflection to ease the adoption of this technology in the consumer market.
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- Minhas, Nasir Mehmood
(författare)
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Authorship ethics : An overview of research on the state of practice
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2021 IEEE/ACM 2nd International Workshop on Ethics in Software Engineering Research and Practice, SEthics 2021. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781665445559 ; , s. 31-38
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Authorship ethics is a central topic of discussion in research ethics fora. There are various guidelines for authorship (i.e., naming and order). It is not easy to decide the authorship in the presence of varying authorship guidelines. This paper gives an overview of research on authorship practices and issues. It presents a review of 16 empirical research papers published between 2014 - 2020. The objective is to learn how various research disciplines handle authorship. What are the authorship practices in various research disciplines, and what are the issues associated with these practices © 2021 IEEE.
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| 6. |
- Sun, Bin
(författare)
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How to Learn Research Ethics Regarding External Validity
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are some overlaps between external validity and research ethics. For example, how to handle raw data so that they can be processed by some algorithms and methods while making sure the handling is not misconducted. Or, to what extent the data should be shared to allow the readers to replicate the experiments while keeping sensitive data credential. To understand those problems, this work firstly presents several alternative methods, then uses a combined systematic process to analyse several cases. We can see that one problem often has more than one solution and they should be carefully considered to select a suitable one if any. The combined process is working well and should be considered to engage when analysing research ethical problems.
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