| 1. |
- Gärdenfors, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Communication, cognition and technology.
- 2008
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Ingår i: A Smorgasbord of Cognitive Science. - 9789157805324 ; , s. 231-247
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Gärdenfors, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding by experiencing patterns
- 2008
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Ingår i: A Smorgasbord of Cognitive Science. - 9789157805324
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- This chapter focuses on the cognitive and emotional mechanisms of understanding. We propose that understanding consists in seeing or, more generally, experiencing a pattern. Patterns can be experienced by all sensory modalities and in abstract thinking, but here the focus is primarily on the visual modality. We discuss how understanding by experiencing patterns can be achieved in learning processes. The goal of education should be that students understand the material they study. We propose that this is achieved by helping them to discover patterns that they cannot find on their own. We also highlight the role of emotions in understanding, especially the subjective experience of an aha-feeling, which occurs when a pattern suddenly falls into place. Finally, we present some educational techniques such as visualizations, simulations, and intelligent tutoring systems that can be used for pointing out salient features in a pattern.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Warglien, Massimo, et al.
(författare)
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Meaning negotiation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Applications Of Conceptual Spaces : The Case For Geometric Knowledge Representation - The Case For Geometric Knowledge Representation. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319150208 - 9783319150215 ; , s. 79-94
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While “meaning negotiation” has become an ubiquitous term, its use is often confusing. A negotiation problem implies not only a convenience to agree, but also diverging interest on what to agree upon. It implies agreement but also the possibility of (voluntary) disagreement. In this chapter, we look at meaning negotiation as the process through which agents starting from different preferred conceptual representations of an object, an event or a more complex entity, converge to an agreement through some communication medium. We shortly sketch the outline of a geometric view of meaning negotiation, based on conceptual spaces. We show that such view can inherit important structural elements from game theoretic models of bargaining – in particular, in the case when the protagonists have overlapping negotiation regions, we emphasize a parallel to the Nash solution in cooperative game theory. When acceptable solution regions of the protagonists are disjoint, we present several types of processes: changes in the salience of dimensions, dimensional projections and metaphorical space transformations. None of the latter processes are motivated by normative or rationality considerations, but presented as argumentation tools that we believe are used in actual situations of conceptual disagreement.
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| 5. |
- Paradis, Carita, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptual Spaces at Work in Sensory Cognition : Domains, Dimensions and Distances
- 2015
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Ingår i: Applications of Conceptual Spaces : The Case for Geometric Knowledge Representation - The Case for Geometric Knowledge Representation. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2542-8292 .- 0166-6991. - 9783319150215 - 9783319150208 ; 359, s. 33-55
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter makes use of two data sources, terminological schemas for wine descriptions and actual wine reviews, for the investigation of how experiences of sensory perceptions of vision, smell, taste and touch are described. In spite of all the great challenges involved in describing perceptions, professional wine reviewers are expected to be able to give an understandable account of their experiences. The reviews are explored with focus on the different types of descriptors and the ways their meanings are construed. It gives an account of the use of both property expressions, such as soft, sharp, sweet and dry and object descriptors, such as blueberry, apple and honey. It pays particular attention to the apparent cross-sensory use of descriptors, such as white aromas and soft smell, arguing that the ontological cross-over of sensory modalities are to be considered as symptoms of ‘synesthesia’ in the wine-tasting practice and monosemy at the conceptual level. In contrast to the standard view of the meanings of words for sensory perceptions, the contention is that it is not the case that, for instance, sharp in sharp smell primarily evokes a notion of touch; rather the sensory experiences are strongly interrelated in cognition. When instantiated in, say smell, soft spans the closely related sense domains, and the lexical syncretism is taken to be grounded in the workings of human sensory cognition.
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| 6. |
- Parthemore, Joel, et al.
(författare)
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Specification of the unified conceptual space, for purposes of empirical investigation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Conceptual Spaces at Work. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2542-8292 .- 0166-6991. - 9783319150215 - 9783319150208 ; 359, s. 223-244
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Recent years have seen a number of competing theories of concepts within philosophy of mind, supplanting the classical definitionist and imagist accounts: among them, Jerry Fodor's informational atomism, Jesse Prinz's proxytypes theory, and -- of course -- Peter Gärdenfors' (2004) conceptual spaces theory (CST). On the whole there has been little empirical investigation into the competing theories' merits; the (limited) empirical investigation of CST offers the one obvious exception. Some theories, such as informational atomism, seem almost beyond the possibility of such testing by design. Some philosophers would claim that theories of concepts, by their nature, cannot be tested empirically; and they raise valid concerns. Although I concede that theories of concepts are not open to direct empirical investigation, nonetheless indirect methods can provide strong circumstantial evidence for or against a theory such as CST; and I offer a research plan for doing so. Indeed, I argue that an extension of CST I call unified conceptual spaces theory (UCST) is better placed than the competition when it comes to such testing, not least because it comes with a software application, in the form of a mind-mapping program, as a more-or-less direct translation of the theory into a working computer model. Abstract This paper provides the most detailed specification to date of the algorithm underlying the UCST, described in (Parthemore, 2013; Parthemore, 2011; Parthemore and Morse, 2010) as an attempt to move CST in a more algorithmically amenable and therefore, it is hoped, more empirically testable direction. UCST brings all the many widely divergent conceptual spaces discussed in CST together into a single unified “space of spaces” arranged along three axes, where points in the space have both local and distal connections to other points.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Gärdenfors, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Semantic domains of demonstratives and articles : A view of deictic referentiality explored on the paradigm of Croatian demonstratives
- 2018
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Ingår i: Lingua. - : Elsevier BV. - 0024-3841. ; 201, s. 102-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We argue that the meanings of demonstratives and articles can be analysed in terms of a combination of the spatial domain and a small set of semantic domains. We propose that deictic terms have a 'fast semantics' in the sense that they get their meaning in the course of the communicative act, as a result of an interaction between the interlocutors, which ultimately leads to referential anchoring. We focus on the semantics of demonstratives, presenting a case study of the very rich paradigm of Croatian demonstratives. We submit that articles refer to an 'epistemic' domain that forms part of the semantic space of the common ground that is built up during a discoursive act. Finally, we compare the semantics of deictic expressions with the specificatory and predicative functions of adjectives.
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| 9. |
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A Smorgasbord of Cognitive Science
- 2008
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book is intended as an introduction to the breadth of current research in cognitive science, with the research at Lund University Cognitive Science as our sample. The result is a smorgasbord for readers with some background in the neighbouring disciplines. Through the chapters we will follow some of the important cross-disciplinary issues in cognitive science. One is how the external world is represented, from cognitive maps in rats, to drawings made to enhance communication, or the organization of semantic knowledge. Another is to what extent such representations really are used: the world is often its own best model in areas from robotics to choice, and several chapters illustrate that even communication (despite its dependence on representations) is firmly situated in and constrained by its surroundings. In addition, many chapters emphasize the essentially dynamic relationship between mind and environment, in areas from development to interaction and learning. A third thread is how research concerning other animals= cognitive capacities, from pigeons to chimpanzees, has inspired research on human cognition, and how this comparative approach can be made to incorporate also non-animate fellow beings, such as robots and virtual characters. In sum, the book contains most of the areas we think are important in cognitive science today, and we hope that it will be of use for beginning researchers and advanced students in the area. Its production is part of the celebrations of Lund University Cognitive Science’s 20th anniversary. Our group hosts researchers with backgrounds in psychology, philosophy, computer science, linguistics, computational neuroscience, education, etc., and all of us have a multidisciplinary education. We encourage you to visit our web pages at www.lucs.lu.se to learn more about the activities of the group.
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| 10. |
- Balkenius, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Anticipation requires adaptation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - 1469-1825. ; 31:2, s. 199-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To successfully interact with a dynamic world, our actions must be guided by a continuously changing anticipated future. Such anticipations must be tuned to the processing delays in the nervous system as well as to the slowness of the body, something that requires constant adaptation of the predictive mechanisms, which in turn require that sensory information be processed at different time-scales.
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