| 1. |
- Amein, Tahsein, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of non-chemical seed treatment methods for control of Alternaria brassicicola on cabbage seeds
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection. - 1861-3829 .- 1861-3837. ; 118:6, s. 214-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the lack of foliar fungicide use, the organic production of Brassica seeds free of Alternaria spp. is difficult. Therefore, effective seed treatments certified for use in organic farming are needed to eradicate or at least effectively reduce the seed-borne inoculum. We here report results of greenhouse and field experiments in which non-chemical seed treatments were tested for control of A. brassicicola on cabbage seeds naturally infested with the pathogen. In greenhouse experiments, significant improvements were obtained by seed treatment with some commercialised and experimental microbial biocontrol agents, an emulsion of thyme oil in water (0.1%) and by the tested physical seed treatments methods (i.e. hot water, aerated steam and electron seed treatment). Resistance inducers tended to increase the percentage of healthy plants, but the effects were statistically not significant. Generally the combination of physical treatments with the effective agents did not result in improved performance. Positive effects on crop establishment and yield by the same treatments were also observed in field tests. Overall the results indicate that several options for non-chemical control of A. brassicicola on Brassica seeds exist that are comparable in efficacy to the chemical standard Aatiram (active ingredient thiram) used in this study.
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| 2. |
- Amiri, Shahnaz, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation and introduction of a CHP plant in a Swedish biogas system
- 2013
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Ingår i: Renewable energy. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 49:SI, s. 242-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objectives of this study are to present a model for biogas production systems to help achieve a more cost-effective system, and to analyse the conditions for connecting combined heat and power (CHP) plants to the biogas system. The European electricity market is assumed to be fully deregulated. The relation between connection of CHP. increased electricity and heat production, electricity prices, and electricity certificate trading is investigated. A cost-minimising linear programming model (MODEST) is used. MODEST has been applied to many energy systems, but this is the first time the model has been used for biogas production. The new model, which is the main result of this work, can be used for operational optimisation and evaluating economic consequences of future changes in the biogas system. The results from the case study and sensitivity analysis show that the model is reliable and can be used for strategic planning. The results show that implementation of a biogas-based CHP plant result in an electricity power production of approximately 39 GW h annually. Reduced system costs provide a profitability of 46 MSEK/year if electricity and heat prices increase by 100% and electricity certificate prices increase by 50%. CO2 emission reductions up to 32,000 ton/year can be achieved if generated electricity displaces coal-fired condensing power.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Different Extrusion Parameters on Dietary Fiber in Wheat Bran and Rye Bran
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Food Science. - : Wiley. - 0022-1147 .- 1750-3841. ; 82:6, s. 1344-1350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wheat bran and rye bran are mostly used as animal feed today, but their high content of dietary fiber and bioactive components are beneficial to human health. Increased use of bran as food raw material could therefore be desirable. However, bran mainly contains unextractable dietary fiber and deteriorates the sensory properties of products. Processing by extrusion could increase the extractability of dietary fiber and increase the sensory qualities of bran products. Wheat bran and rye bran were therefore extruded at different levels of moisture content, screw speed and temperature, in order to find the optimal setting for increased extractability of dietary fiber and positive sensory properties. A water content of 24% for wheat bran and 30% for rye bran, a screw speed of 400 rpm, and a temperature of 130 °C resulted in the highest extractability of total dietary fiber and arabinoxylan. Arabinoxylan extractability increased from 5.8% in wheat bran to 9.0% in extruded wheat bran at those settings, and from 14.6% to 19.2% for rye bran. Total contents of dietary fiber and arabinoxylan were not affected by extrusion. Content of β-glucan was also maintained during extrusion, while its molecular weight decreased slightly and extractability increased slightly. Extrusion at these settings is therefore a suitable process for increasing the use of wheat bran and rye bran as a food raw material.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring social – ecological dynamics behind the generation of ecosystem services
- 2007
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Ingår i: Ecological Applications. - : Wiley. - 1051-0761 .- 1939-5582. ; 17:5, s. 1267-1278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The generation of ecosystem services depends on both social and ecological features. Here we focus on management, its ecological consequences, and social drivers. Our approach combined (1) quantitative surveys of local species diversity and abundance of three functional groups of ecosystem service providers (pollinators, seed dispersers, and insectivores) with (2) qualitative studies of local management practices connected to these services and their underlying social mechanisms, i.e., institutions, local ecological knowledge, and a sense of place. It focused on the ecology of three types of green areas (allotment gardens, cemeteries, and city parks) in the city of Stockholm, Sweden. These are superficially similar but differ considerably in their management. Effects of the different practices could be seen in the three functional groups, primarily as a higher abundance of pollinators in the informally managed allotment gardens and as differences in the composition of seed dispersers and insectivores. Thus, informal management, which is normally disregarded by planning authorities, is important for ecosystem services in the urban landscape. Furthermore, we suggest that informal management has an important secondary function: It may be crucial during periods of instability and change as it is argued to promote qualities with potential for adaptation. Allotment gardeners seem to be the most motivated managers, something that is reflected in their deeper knowledge and can be explained by a sense of place and management institutions. We propose that co-management would be one possible way to infuse the same positive qualities into all management and that improved information exchange between managers would be one further step toward ecologically functional urban landscapes.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Memory carriers and stewardship of metropolitan landscapes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ecological Indicators. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-160X .- 1872-7034. ; 70, s. 606-614
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- History matters, and can be an active and dynamic component in the present. We explore social-ecological memory as way to diagnose and engage with urban green space performance and resilience. Rapidly changing cities pose a threat and a challenge to the continuity that has helped to support biodiversity and ecological functions by upholding similar or only slowly changing adaptive cycles over time. Continuity is perpetuated through memory carriers, slowly changing variables and features that retain or make available information on how different situations have been dealt with before. Ecological memory carriers comprise memory banks, spatial connections and mobile link species. These can be supported by social memory carriers, represented by collectively created social features like habits, oral tradition, rules-in-use and artifacts, as well as media and external sources. Loss or lack of memory can be diagnoses by the absence or disconnect between memory carriers, as will be illustrated by several typical situations. Drawing on a set of example situations, we present an outline for a look-up table approach that connects ecological memory carriers to the social memory carriers that support them and use these connections to set diagnoses and indicate potential remedies. The inclusion of memory carriers in planning and management considerations may facilitate preservation of feedbacks and disturbance regimes as well as species and habitats, and the cultural values and meanings that go with them.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Kjell, 1956-2014, et al.
(författare)
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Limited GIS skills hamper spatial planning for green infrastructures in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Geografiska Notiser. - : Geografilärarnas Riksförening. - 0016-724X. ; 80:1, s. 16-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The term green infrastructure captures the need to conserve biodiversity and to sustain landscapes’ different ecosystem services. Maintaining green infrastructures through protected areas, management and landscape restoration requires knowledge in geography, spatial data about biophysical, anthropogenic and immaterial values, spatial comprehensive planning, and thus geographical information systems (GIS). To understand land use planning practices and planning education regarding GIS in Sweden we interviewed 43 planners and reviewed 20 planning education programmes. All planners used GIS to look at data but did not carry out spatial analyses of land covers. BSc programmes included more GIS than MSc programmes but very few taught analyses for spatial planning. As key spatial planning actors, municipalities’ barriers and bridges for improved GIS use for collaborative learning about green infrastructures are discussed. A concluding section presents examples of how GIS can support spatial planning for green infrastructures.
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| 8. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for assessing urban greenery's effects and valuing its ecosystem services
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Academic Press. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 205, s. 274-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ongoing urban exploitation is increasing pressure to transform urban green spaces, while there is increasing awareness that greenery provides a range of important benefits to city residents. In efforts to help resolve associated problems we have developed a framework for integrated assessments of ecosystem service (ES) benefits and values provided by urban greenery, based on the ecosystem service cascade model. The aim is to provide a method for assessing the contribution to, and valuing, multiple ES provided by urban greenery that can be readily applied in routine planning processes. The framework is unique as it recognizes that an urban greenery comprises several components and functions that can contribute to multiple ecosystem services in one or more ways via different functional traits (e.g. foliage characteristics) for which readily measured indicators have been identified. The framework consists of five steps including compilation of an inventory of indicator; application of effectivity factors to rate indicators' effectiveness; estimation of effects; estimation of benefits for each ES; estimation of the total ES value of the ecosystem. The framework was applied to assess ecosystem services provided by trees, shrubs, herbs, birds, and bees, in green areas spanning an urban gradient in Gothenburg, Sweden. Estimates of perceived values of ecosystem services were obtained from interviews with the public and workshop activities with civil servants. The framework is systematic and transparent at all stages and appears to have potential utility in the existing spatial planning processes.
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| 9. |
- Andreas, Seiler, et al.
(författare)
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Mörkertal i viltolycksstatistiken : resultat från enkätundersökning och analyser av olycksdata
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En av de vanligaste orsakerna till vägtrafikolyckor är påkörning av vilda djur, i synnerhet klövdjur. Över 45 000 viltolyckor per år registrerades under de sen-aste 5 åren och antalen ökar stadigt. Trots upprepade informationskampanjer, omfattande investering i viltstängsel och andra förebyggande åtgärder och i kon-trast till avskjutningsstatistik för älg och rådjur, så ökar olyckstalen i snabbare takt än vad som kan förväntas på grund av ökat trafikarbete och större fordons-flotta. Det är tydligt att viltolycksproblematiken i Sverige inte är under kontroll. En bidragande faktor är att inte alla inträffade olycksfall rapporteras och inte alla rapporterade händelser återges av den officiella statistiken. Uppräknings-faktorerna som Trafikverket använder i sina Effektberäkningar vid Väganalyser (EVA-kalkyler) är utdaterade och utgår från effektsamband som troligtvis inte längre är aktuella. För att planera effektiva och riktade åtgärder behövs bättre kunskap om var, när och hur ofta viltolyckor inträffar.Föreliggande projekt avser att uppdatera kunskaperna om mörkertalet i rappor-teringen av viltolyckor på väg och belysa andra bortfall i statistiken. Målsätt-ningen är att ta fram ett uppdaterat underlag (Uppräkningsfaktorer) för använd-ning i effektberäkningar vid väganalyser samt undersöka kvarstående utred-ningsbehov och eventuella förbättringsmöjligheter som kan leda till en bättre uppskattning av konflikten mellan vilt och vägtrafik. Projektet omfattar tre delstudier: enkätundersökning med bilförare, analys av viltrelaterade personskadeolyckor i STRADA (d.v.s. Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition) samt en jämförande analys av olycksrapporter från polisens och eftersöksjägarnas inrapportering i viltolycksstatistiken tillgänglig hos NVR (Nationella Viltolycksrådet).En enkätstudie via internet (på domänen www.viltochtrafik.se) genomfördes för att undersöka storleken på mörkertalet i rapportering av viltolyckor från bilfö-rare till polis. Enkäten var tillgänglig för allmänheten online under perioden 2013-10-31 till 2014-12-31 och besvarades av 3981 respondenter. Vi ställde frå-gor kring kunskaper om och erfarenheter med viltolyckor och bad om mer detal-jerade uppgifter om den incidenten som inträffade för respondenterna efter 2004. Mer än hälften av alla respondenter (65 %) har varit med om en klövvilt-olycka någon gång och runt 20 % av dessa angav att olyckan troligen aldrig rap-porterats till polisens kännedom. Drygt 45 % av respondenterna angav att de va-rit med om viltolyckor efter år 2004 och mörkertalet uppskattades till mellan 9 % och 19 %. Vi rekommenderar att det schablonmässiga mörkertalet för klövvilt (oavsett art) bör vara 15 % (±5 %). Våra resultat visar att mörkertalet i rapporte-ringen från bilist till polisen har närmare halverats sedan 1970-talet. Efter att en olycka anmälts till polisen finns risk för ytterligare bortfall i statisti-ken. Inkommande polisanmälningar överförs manuellt till olika databaser, bero-ende på hur händelsen klassificeras. Olyckor där viltet inte utgjorde den omedel-bara orsaken till skadan klassas inte som viltolycka och återfinns då inte i den officiella polisiära statistiken på viltolyckor. Detta bortfall är ej kvantifierad men uppskattas ligga på kanske 5 % eller högre. Trafikolyckor med personskador (ca 1,6 % av alla viltolyckor) rapporteras vidare till databasen STRADA. Vår analys visade att i genomsnitt 37 % av alla viltrelate-rade personskadeolyckor under 2003–2012 inte var klassade som en viltolycka och därmed förmodligen inte heller fanns listat som viltolycka i Polisens T-RAR (trafikregister). När en olycka med vilt anmäls kontaktas i regel en kontaktperson kontaktperso-ner för att vid behov ta hand om det skadade djuret. Vid jägarens platsbesök skrivs en viltolycksrapport med detaljerade uppgifter om plats, tid och djurart. Inte alla rapporter (84 %) innehåller dock fullständiga och korrekta uppgifter som kan användas vid rumsliga analyser av olyckor. Det verkar även finnas en skevhet i viltolycksstatistiken med ca 12 % färre eftersök längs enskilda och kommunala vägar än förväntad.Tekniska problem i Polisens datasystem under 2012–2015 medförde dessutom att ett okänt antal anmälda viltolyckor inte registrerades i trafikregistren (T-rar, pust, k-rar). Det ledde till att det i vissa regioner och under vissa år finns fler viltolycksrapporter än polisrapporter. Vi uppskattar att detta bortfall kan ligga på minst 11 % i genomsnitt, under antagandet att rapporter från eftersöksjä-garna utfärdats för runt 90 % av alla polisregistrerade fall.Förenklat uttryckt står alltså den polisiära statistiken på viltolyckor under 2010 – 2015 för runt två-tredje delar av de verkligt inträffade olyckorna, medan efter-söksstatistiken i rumsliga analyser representerar ungefär hälften. Denna enkla tumregel bör dock användas försiktigt eftersom det finns tydliga avvikelser i mörkertalen mellan viltarterna, länen och åren.De olika bortfallen i statistiken har därmed en påtaglig effekt på den totala upp-skattningen av olyckstal. Vissa av orsakerna för bortfallen kan dock lätt åtgärdas eftersom de beror till stor del på brister i rutiner för registrering och data-bashantering. Vi rekommenderar därför en systematisk kontroll av databaserna och förbättrade kontrollmekanismer vid registrering och klassificering av an-mälda fall. Vi rekommenderar också att databaserna i STRADA, trafikregistret och eftersöksstatistiken länkas via ett gemensamt händelse-ID. Detta kan un-derlätta mycket vid framtida bortfallsanalyser. Vi föreslår även detaljstudier av hur olyckorna registreras och tolkas för att bättre kunna förebygga framtida bortfall.
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| 10. |
- Barthel, Stephan, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Biocultural Refugia : Combating the Erosion of Diversity in Landscapes of Food Production
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ecology & Society. - 1708-3087. ; 18:4, s. UNSP 71-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is urgent need to both reduce the rate of biodiversity loss caused by industrialized agriculture and feed morepeople. The aim of this paper is to highlight the role of places that harbor traditional ecological knowledge, artifacts, and methodswhen preserving biodiversity and ecosystem services in landscapes of food production. We use three examples in Europe ofbiocultural refugia, defined as the physical places that not only shelter farm biodiversity, but also carry knowledge and experiencesabout practical management of how to produce food while stewarding biodiversity and ecosystem services. Memory carriersinclude genotypes, landscape features, oral, and artistic traditions and self-organized systems of rules, and as such reflect adiverse portfolio of practices on how to deal with unpredictable change. We find that the rich biodiversity of many regionallydistinct cultural landscapes has been maintained through different smallholder practices developed in relation to localenvironmental fluctuations and carried within biocultural refugia for as long as millennia. Places that transmit traditionalecological knowledge and practices hold important lessons for policy makers since they may provide genetic and culturalreservoirs — refugia — for the wide array of species that have co-evolved with humans in Europe for more than 6000 thousandyrs. Biodiversity restoration projects in domesticated landscapes can employ the biophysical elements and cultural practicesembedded in biocultural refugia to create locally adapted small-scale mosaics of habitats that allow species to flourish and adaptto change. We conclude that such insights must be included in discussions of land-sparing vs. land-sharing when producingmore food while combating loss of biodiversity. We found the latter strategy rational in domesticated landscapes with a longhistory of agriculture
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