| 1. |
- Broadway, John, et al.
(författare)
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Fictive Places? : Oregon’s Willamette Valley Wine Appellations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Food Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal. - : Common Ground Publishing. - 2160-1933 .- 2160-1941. ; 12:1, s. 69-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Place is central to the marketing of wine. In the twentieth century, the French developed the appellation system to classify wine on the basis of its ‘terroir’—the combination of soils, climate, and topography that produce a unique wine taste, or its ‘typicity.’ The United States, recognizing the value added by such a system, established American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) in 1978. These are wine producing areas delimited on the basis of their environmental characteristics. It is argued that the AVA system is an example of fictive place making: an economic strategy that involves the recreation of places on the basis of their physical and cultural characteristics that is then used to generate economic value. This paper tests that hypothesis in the context of the Willamette Valley, analyzing the content of 162 winery websites to search for place-specific typicity and terroir narratives that would justify the creation of AVAs and the price premiums they generate. The study found that individual winery websites did not present a unified understanding of their AVA’s terroir. Defining characteristics, present in formational petitions, such as soil type and the influence of a cooling Pacific breeze, were shared between multiple AVA member websites, precluding their ability to denote geographical uniqueness. Finally, the language used to describe wine did not generate a coherent wine style within any AVA, yet a price premium exists for wine produced from grapes grown within a small AVA, making them fictive places.
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| 2. |
- Digaitis, Ramūnas, PhD, et al.
(författare)
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Targeted acetylation of wood : a tool for tuning wood-water interactions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cellulose. - : SPRINGER. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 28:12, s. 8009-8025
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood is an increasingly important material in the sustainable transition of societies worldwide. The performance of wood in structures is intimately tied to the presence of moisture in the material, which directly affects important characteristics such as dimensions and mechanical properties, and indirectly its susceptibility to fungal decomposition. By chemical modification, the durability of wood in outdoor environments can be improved by reducing the amount of moisture present. In this study, we refined a well-known chemical modification with acetic anhydride and showed how the spatial distribution of the modification of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) could be controlled with the aim of altering the wood-water interactions differently in different parts of the wood structure. By controlling the reaction conditions of the acetylation it was possible to acetylate only the cell wall-lumen interface, or uniformly modify the whole cell wall to different degrees. The spatial distribution of the acetylation was visualised by confocal Raman microspectroscopy. The results showed that by this targeted acetylation procedure it was possible to independently alter the wood-water interactions in and outside of cell walls. The cell wall-lumen interface modification altered the interaction between the wood and the water in cell lumina without affecting the interaction with water in cell walls while the uniform modification affected both. This opens up a novel path for studying wood-water interactions in very moist environments and how moisture distribution within the wood affects its susceptibility towards fungal decomposition.
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| 3. |
- Drobyshev, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of annual weather on growth of pedunculate oak in southern Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annals of Forest Science. - : INRA, EDP Sciences. - 1286-4560 .- 1297-966X. ; 65:5, s. 512-512
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A network of oak (Quercus robur L.) chronologies containing 49 sites and 635 single trees was analysed to identify weather variables affecting annual tree-ring increment dynamics in southern Sweden during 1860-2000. We analysed (1) the growth response of oak to non-extreme weather, and (2) the temporal and spatial patterns of regional growth anomalies (pointer years) and associated climatic extremes resolved on a monthly scale. Growth was controlled by precipitation in the current (June-July) and the previous growing season (August) in 48% and 22% of all sites, respectively. Temperature during July of the current year and August of the previous year was negatively correlated with growth in 29% and 43% of the sites, respectively. Growth was positively correlated with temperature in October of the previous season in 72% of the sites. The most extensive growth anomaly occured in 1965 and was probably caused by intrusion of cold Artic air masses into the region at the end of March that year. During the climatically non-extreme years, oak growth is driven mostly by the dynamics of summer precipitation. Many of the negative growth anomalies, however, were associated with temperature extremes. Southern Swedish oak pointer years tend not to coincide with the pan-European pointer years.
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| 4. |
- Drobyshev, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal mortality pattern of pedunculate oaks in southern Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: Dendrochronologia. - : Elsevier. - 1125-7865 .- 1612-0051. ; :24, s. 97-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decline of the oak forests decline in southern Sweden has been reported for more than two decades. Little empirical data exists, however, to study the temporal pattern of the phenomenon in detail. In this study we quantified the temporal pattern of non-windfall oak mortality by analyzing the dataset of 44 dendrochronologically dated dead pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) trees. We compared tree-ring chronologies from recently dead and living trees from the same sites (number of sites = 13) located in the nemoral and boreo-nemoral zones in southern Sweden. For each dead tree, tree-ring chronologies were analyzed for the presence of pre-death growth depressions. A growth depression was defined as a period ( of one or more years) when growth remained below the 5%, 7%, or 10% quantiles of the ring-width distribution obtained from living trees for a particular year and site. The most recent peak in oak mortality occured around the year 2000. Growth depressions were recorded in 80% (n=35) of all dead oaks and were most prominent during the 1990s. While some oaks showed an obvious reduction in growth over several decades, 51% of the dead trees had growth depression for at least 4 years prior to death. Although diameter growth rate differed between living and recently dead trees for at least 30 years, this difference started to amplify in late 1980s-early 1990s. Presence of pre-death growth depression in tree-ring chronologies implies that (a) non-windfall mortality of oaks is a decade-long process and (b) the actual death event might be lagged behind the timing of the mortality-inducing factors. ANOVA revealed significant differences in tree responses to the drought year 1992. The cumulative growth increment ration between 1992-1994 and 1989-1991, was higher in living trees than in those that had recently died. We suggest that the spring and summer drought of 1992 resulted in the mortality of oaks that was observed in southern Sweden at the end of the 20th centurey. If this time lag exists, it may complicate analyses of decline-related factors and the choise of appropriate actions by forest managers. We conclude that studies of oak decline may benefit from widening the perspective to include several decades preceding the sampling year.
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| 5. |
- Ezebilo, Eugene Ejike, et al.
(författare)
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Public-private sector partnership in household waste management as perceived by residents in south-west Nigeria
- 2012
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Ingår i: Waste Management & Research. - : Sage Publications. - 0734-242X .- 1096-3669. ; 30:8, s. 781-788
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In most developing countries public-private sector partnership is becoming increasingly applied in household waste management service delivery especially in urban areas to reduce cost and improve effectiveness. This paper reports a study of householders' perceptions of public-private sector partnership in provision of household waste management services in Ilorin, south-west Nigeria. A multistage random sampling technique was used to select 224 households for the study. The data generated from the survey were analysed using a binary logit model. The results show that most of the respondents were of the opinion that the public-private partnership has not been able to improve household waste management services. Time taken to visit solid waste collection point, income and marital status negatively influenced their perceptions, while activities of sanitary inspectors, occupation and gender had positive influence. The public-private partnership will be more effective and sustainable if the public sector could pay more attention to performance monitoring and accountability.
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| 6. |
- Gislén, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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The Everyday Poetics of a Digital Bauhaus
- 2009
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Ingår i: (Re)searching the Digital Bauhaus. - London : Springer. - 9781848003491 - 9781848003507 ; , s. 333-352
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Gunnarsson, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Biodigestion of Plant material Can Improve Nitrogen Use Efficiency in a Red Beet Crop Sequence
- 2011
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Ingår i: Hortscience. - : American Society for Horticultural Sciences. - 0018-5345 .- 2327-9834. ; 46:5, s. 765-775
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitrogen (N) tied up in or lost from decomposing biomass decreases the residual N effects of green manure and of other crop residues. During anaerobic degradation in a biogas digestor (biodigestion), N mineralization takes place under conditions in which losses can be kept to a minimum. Therefore, biodigestion of green manure biomass and beet foliage was tested to generate readily available N and compared with a direct green manure fertilization system. The effluent was applied as fertilizer in field experiments on a sandy soil as a tool for improving N supply for an organic farming system. Data from the field experiments were used for simulating the amount of net inorganic N equivalents (inorganic N equivalents from effluent plus inorganic N equivalents from pre-crops) in three crop sequences: A) green manure ley, red beets, winter rye; B) harvested ley, red beets, winter rye; and C) harvested ley, spring barley, red beets in which (B) and (C) represented biogas nutrient management systems and (A) a green manure system. When all available effluent from biogas production from 1 ha of grass–clover ley with two or three harvests (2H-ley or 3H-ley) and one hectare of beet foliage was used as a fertilizer for red beets (Beta vulgaris var. conditiva Alef) after barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), the yield of marketable red beets increased by 5.7 Mg·ha–1 (33%) with effluent from 2H-ley and beet foliage and 9.1 Mg·ha–1 (53%) with effluent from 3H-ley and beet foliage compared with red beets grown without effluent fertilization after a green manure ley. When total dry matter production was taken into account, the advantage for the BG systems with 2H- and 3H-ley was 15% and 28%, respectively. The nitrate concentration in the red beets was not higher with effluent supplied at this level than with green manure as the only N source. The simulated amount of net inorganic N equivalents was 128 kg N for the whole of crop sequence (C) with 1 ha of each crop and where effluent supply to red beets was based on digested biomass in ley and beet tops. The corresponding amount of net inorganic N equivalents for the green manure crop sequence (A), in which no effluent was supplied, was 73 kg N. Unused soil mineral N (0- to 90-cm depth) at red beet harvest indicated that the risk of leaching in BG systems was lower than in GrM systems (88, 76, and 61 kg Nmin/ha left after unmanured beets after Gr-M-ley, low manured beets after 3H-ley and high manured beets after barley, respectively). Effluent fertilization of red beets directly after 2H- and 3H-ley gave unexpectedly low yield responses compared with red beets after barley. The reasons may be the result of nutritional imbalance of other nutrients than N or may be plant pathological in nature. The conclusion is that a nutrient management system with biodigestion can increase net inorganic N equivalents and reduce risk for N leaching, but inappropriate use of the effluent, i.e., at an unsuitable point in the crop rotation, may negate the benefits.
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| 8. |
- Hall, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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A decade of maize yield gap studies in sub-Saharan Africa : how are farm-level factors considered?
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability. - : Routledge. - 1473-5903 .- 1747-762X. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study of yield gaps has become more complex, prompting the use of varied approaches to measure yields and a wider range of factors to explain these gaps. In the Global North, the focus is on precision farming, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), a broader perspective is necessary due to pronounced variability in farmland conditions. While biogeophysical and management factors have been traditional focal points in yield gap analyses, socio-economic and institutional factors are increasingly recognized as significant, especially in SSA. This review synthesizes research from the past decade in SSA that integrates biogeophysical, management, farm characteristics, and institutional factors in yield gap discussions. The findings indicate a slow shift in including socio-economic factors, with management, particularly nutrient supply and crop management, remaining predominant. However, there is a growing trend towards methodological diversity, such as the adoption of remote sensing and GIS in recent years. Case studies from Kenya and Ghana, utilizing field surveys, interviews, panel data, and spatial analysis, highlight how a multifaceted approach can enhance our understanding of the various elements influencing maize yield gaps in SSA.
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| 9. |
- Hedenborg, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
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Pro-Environmental Transformation of the Equine Sector—Facilitators and Challenges
- 2024
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Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI. - 2076-2615. ; 14:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To improve horse welfare and ensure a sustainable equestrian future, we need to understand human behavior in relation to the challenges of the sector. The purpose of this paper is to map and analyze how individuals within the equine sector in Sweden and Norway define the environmental challenges they are faced with and how these are related to questions about horse welfare. A mixed-methods parallel design was used. The data consist of survey answers and semi-structured interviews. The survey, responded to by 697 Swedish and Norwegian participants, ensured statistical validity and power through a sample size calculation yielding approximately 385 participants. To deepen the understanding, 36 semi structured interviews with Swedish and Norwegian interviewees were conducted. An analysis of convergencies and divergencies between the data sets provided robust insights into the perceptions and behaviors within the equine sector in Sweden and Norway. The findings show that the equine sector has cultivated a stronger environmental commitment over the last 15 years (Svala, 2008). However, many participants express a perceived lack of influence on this transformation. The COM-B model (Michie, Van Stralen & West, 2011; Michie, Atkins & West, 2014) and previous research on ‘thinking structures on climate delay’ (Wormbs & Wolrath, 2023) are used to interpret the data. The analysis indicates that there is an overall capacity for change, and that skills and knowledge exist, but some individuals desire more information and a deeper understanding of the issues at hand. Higher barriers to change were found in the opportunity component, where physical constraints such as location, resources, and time seem challenging for individual actors to influence. Economic factors are also identified as impediments to transformation. Cultural norms related to orderliness within stables, although not directly addressing ecological nor ethical challenges, might serve as a foundation for promoting environmental initiatives that will also improve horse welfare.
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| 10. |
- Hellström Reimer, Maria, Professor, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Landscape architecture criticism in the Anthropocene
- 2022
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Ingår i: JoLA - Journal of Landscape Architecture. - : Routledge. - 1862-6033 .- 2164-604X. ; 17:3, s. 4-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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