| 1. |
- Alt Murphy, Margit, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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An upper body garment with integrated sensors for people with neurological disorders – early development and evaluation
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Biomedical Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2524-4426. ; 1:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To develop a novel wearable garment with integrated sensors for continuous monitoring of physiological and movement related variables to evaluate progression, tailor treatments and improve diagnosis in epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease and stroke. Methods: An iterative development process and evaluation of an upper body garment with integrated sensors included: identification of user needs, specification of technical and garment requirements, garment development and production as well as evaluation of garment design, functionality and usability. The project is a multidisciplinary collaboration with experts from medical, engineering, textile, and material science within the wearITmed consortium. The work was organized in regular meetings, task groups and hands-on workshops. User needs were identified using results from a mixed-methods systematic review, a focus group study and expert groups. Usability was evaluated in 19 individuals (13 controls, 6 patients with Parkinson’s disease) using semi-structured interviews and qualitative content analysis. Results: A prototype designed to monitor movements and heart rate was developed. The garment was well accepted by the users regarding design and comfort, although the users were cautious about the technology and suggested improvements. All electronic components passed a washability test. The most robust data was obtained from accelerometer and gyroscope sensors while the electrodes for heart rate registration were sensitive to motion. artefacts. The algorithm development within the wearITmed consortium has shown promising results. Conclusions: The prototype was accepted by the users. Technical improvements are needed, but preliminary data indicate that the garment has potential to be used as a tool for diagnosis and treatment selection and could provide added value for monitoring seizures in epilepsy, fluctuations in PD and activity levels in stroke. Future work aims to improve the prototype further, develop algorithms, and evaluate the functionality and usability in targeted patient groups. The potential of incorporating blood pressure and heart-rate variability monitoring will also be explored.
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| 2. |
- Hallvig, D., et al.
(författare)
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Sleepy driving on the real road and in the simulator - A comparison
- 2013
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 50, s. 44-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sleepiness has been identified as one of the most important factors contributing to road crashes. However, almost all work on the detailed changes in behavior and physiology leading up to sleep related crashes has been carried out in driving simulators. It is not clear, however, to what extent simulator results can be generalized to real driving. This study compared real driving with driving in a high fidelity, moving base, driving simulator with respect to driving performance, sleep related physiology (using electroencephalography and electrooculography) and subjective sleepiness during night and day driving for 10 participants. The real road was emulated in the simulator. The results show that the simulator was associated with higher levels of subjective and physiological sleepiness than real driving. However, both for real and simulated driving, the response to night driving appears to be rather similar for subjective sleepiness and sleep physiology. Lateral variability was more responsive to night driving in the simulator, while real driving at night involved a movement to the left in the lane and a reduction of speed, both of which effects were absent in the simulator. It was concluded that the relative validity of simulators is acceptable for many variables, but that in absolute terms simulators cause higher sleepiness levels than real driving. Thus, generalizations from simulators to real driving must be made with great caution.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Brolin, Karin, 1974
(författare)
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Human Body Models
- 2016
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Ingår i: Transport Planning and Traffic Safety - Making Cities, Roads, and Vehicles Safer. - 9781498751452 - 9781498751476 ; , s. 175-186
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Experimental studies with human subjects, volunteers or post mortem human subjects (PMHS)help us understand the biomechanics of the impact during a traffic crash. Anthropometric crash test dummies (ATDs) were developed to provide tools for the development and assessment of safety systems to address the variation in human anthropometry. ATDs are available with varying specifications of gender, age, and body sizes. Still, due to persistant limitations associated with ATDs and the advancement in computer based simulation capabilities, the human body computer models have become more popular in recent times. Their ability to simulate both precrash and post-crash scenarios, including active muscle response, has made them invaluable to crash analysis. This chapter discusses basic methodological considerations regarding human body models, includes a limited review of recently published whole body models, and briefly presents the biomechanical properties of human tissue. The chapter concludes with a discussion on futureoutlook and recommendations for targeted research on the aspect of injury predictability and making human body models more numerically robust.
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| 5. |
- Khodadad, Davood, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Optimized breath detection algorithm in electrical impedance tomography
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physiological Measurement. - : IOP Publishing. - 0967-3334 .- 1361-6579. ; 39:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This paper defines a method for optimizing the breath delineation algorithms used in electrical impedance tomography (EIT). In lung EIT the identification of the breath phases is central for generating tidal impedance variation images, subsequent data analysis and clinical evaluation. The optimisation of these algorithms is particularly important in neonatal care since the existing breath detectors developed for adults may give insufficient reliability in neonates due to their very irregular breathing pattern.Approach: Our approach is generic in the sense that it relies on the definition of a gold standard and the associated definition of detector sensitivity and specificity, an optimisation criterion and a set of detector parameters to be investigated. The gold standard has been defined by 11 clinicians with previous experience with EIT and the performance of our approach is described and validated using a neonatal EIT dataset acquired within the EU-funded CRADL project.Main results: Three different algorithms are proposed that improve the breath detector performance by adding conditions on (1) maximum tidal breath rate obtained from zero-crossings of the EIT breathing signal, (2) minimum tidal impedance amplitude and (3) minimum tidal breath rate obtained from time-frequency analysis. As a baseline a zero-crossing algorithm has been used with some default parameters based on the Swisstom EIT device.Significance: Based on the gold standard, the most crucial parameters of the proposed algorithms are optimised by using a simple exhaustive search and a weighted metric defined in connection with the receiver operating characterics. This provides a practical way to achieve any desirable trade-off between the sensitivity and the specificity of the detectors.
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| 6. |
- Palmquist, Anders, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Complex geometry and integrated macro-porosity: Clinical applications of electron beam melting to fabricate bespoke bone-anchored implants
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Biomaterialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1742-7061 .- 1878-7568. ; 156, s. 125-145
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The last decade has witnessed rapid advancements in manufacturing technologies for biomedical implants. Additive manufacturing (or 3D printing) has broken down major barriers in the way of producing complex 3D geometries. Electron beam melting (EBM) is one such 3D printing process applicable to metals and alloys. EBM offers build rates up to two orders of magnitude greater than comparable laser-based technologies and a high vacuum environment to prevent accumulation of trace elements. These features make EBM particularly advantageous for materials susceptible to spontaneous oxidation and nitrogen pick-up when exposed to air (e.g., titanium and titanium-based alloys). For skeletal reconstruction(s), anatomical mimickry and integrated macro-porous architecture to facilitate bone ingrowth are undoubtedly the key features of EBM manufactured implants. Using finite element modelling of physiological loading conditions, the design of a prosthesis may be further personalised. This review looks at the many unique clinical applications of EBM in skeletal repair and the ground-breaking innovations in prosthetic rehabilitation. From a simple acetabular cup to the fifth toe, from the hand-wrist complex to the shoulder, and from vertebral replacement to cranio-maxillofacial reconstruction, EBM has experienced it all. While sternocostal reconstructions might be rare, the repair of long bones using EBM manufactured implants is becoming exceedingly frequent. Despite the various merits, several challenges remain yet untackled. Nevertheless, with the capability to produce osseointegrating implants of any conceivable shape/size, and permissive of bone ingrowth and functional loading, EBM can pave the way for numerous fascinating and novel applications in skeletal repair, regeneration, and rehabilitation. Statement of significance: Electron beam melting (EBM) offers unparalleled possibilities in producing contaminant-free, complex and intricate geometries from alloys of biomedical interest, including Ti6Al4V and CoCr. We review the diverse range of clinical applications of EBM in skeletal repair, both as mass produced off-the-shelf implants and personalised, patient-specific prostheses. From replacing large volumes of disease-affected bone to complex, multi-material reconstructions, almost every part of the human skeleton has been replaced with an EBM manufactured analog to achieve macroscopic anatomical-mimickry. However, various questions regarding long-term performance of patient-specific implants remain unaddressed. Directions for further development include designing personalised implants and prostheses based on simulated loading conditions and accounting for trabecular bone microstructure with respect to physiological factors such as patient's age and disease status.
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| 7. |
- Burks, Raychelle, et al.
(författare)
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#67 Chalmers short stories
- 2019
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What´s the science behind self driving cars, hospital entry architecture and faster computers? In this episode we meet eight PhD-students presenting five minutes stories about their research projects at Chalmers University of Technology. We also talk to Dr. Raychelle Burks from St. Edwards University in Texas and Professor Lars Öhrström from Chalmers, about how they work to get science out to the society. Come along with RadioScience to a workshop on science communication, a warm and sunny day in June. We went to Gothenburg to give tips and tricks on recording and editing a podcast. In return we got eight really interesting short stories within the field of technology. In addition, Raychelle Burks reads the post ”Because she didn’t die” from her blog thirty-seven and Lars Öhrström gives us a taste from his book ”The rhubarb connection – the everyday world of metal ions” – to be published in December. This episode was a collaboration with teachers and students at the workshop on popular science communication at Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden. Producers: Lisa Beste and Natalie von der Lehr, RadioScience.se, Uppsala. Listen at: http://www.radioscience.se/forskning/67-chalmers-short-stories/
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| 8. |
- Halldin, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of static strain
- 2012
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Ingår i: AstraTech World Congress, May 9-12, 2012, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lendaro, Eva, 1989
(författare)
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On the use of Phantom Motor Execution for the treatment of Phantom Limb Pain
- 2020
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a common complaint among amputees and despite having been studied for centuries, it remains a mysterious object of debate among researcher. To date, a vast number of ways to treat PLP has been proposed in the literature, however none of them has proven to be universally effective, thus creating uncertainty on how to operate clinically. The uncertainty is largely attributable to the scarcity of well conducted randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to prove the efficacy of PLP treatments. Phantom Motor Execution (PME) -exertion of voluntary phantom limb movements – aims at restoring the control over the phantom limb and the exercise of such control has been hypothesized to reverse neural changes implicated in PLP. Preliminary evidence supporting this hypothesis has been provided by clinical investigations on upper limb amputees. The main purpose of this Licentiate thesis was to enable a RCT on the use of PME for the treatment of PLP in order to provide robust and unbiased evidence for clinical practice. However, the implementation and kick-off of this clinical investigation required to complete few preparatory steps. For example, most amputees and PLP patients have lower limb amputation, thus PME needed to be adapted and validated for this population. Further, the RCT protocol needed to be carefully planned and made openly accessible, as per guidelines for conducting and publishing clinical RCT. Finally, a secondary aim of this thesis emerged with the need of providing long term relief from PLP to patient. Preliminary evidence seemed to indicate that in order to maintain pain relief, periodic rehearsal of the phantom motor skills acquired through PME is necessary. This raised the question of whether it is beneficial and possible to translate the technology from clinic to home use, question that was explored employing both quantitative and qualitative methods from engineering, medical anthropology, and user interface design. The work conducted within this thesis resulted in the extension of PME to lower limb patients by proposal and validation of a new and more user-friendly recording configuration to record EMG signals. The use of PME was then shown to be efficacious in relieving PLP with a case study on a patient. The protocol for the RCT was then designed and published. These two first steps permitted the establishment of the RCT, which is currently ongoing and expected to close in March 2021. With regard to the secondary aim of this thesis, the work conducted enabled PME to be used by the patients in the comfort of their home, while it also allowed investigate the benefits and challenges generally faced (not only by PME) in the transition from the clinic to home and its effects on treatment adherence. The work conducted is presented in the three appended publications. Future work includes the presentation of the results of the RCT. Further, having a way to modulate PLP is an incredibly useful tool to study the neural basis of PLP. By capitalizing on this tool, we are currently conducting brain imaging studies using fMRI and electroencephalography that are the main focus of the work that lies ahead.
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