| 1. |
- Arveklev Höglund, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
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Nursing students experiences of learning about nursing through drama
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nurse Education in Practice. - Edinburgh : Churchill Livingstone. - 1471-5953 .- 1873-5223. ; 28:1, s. 60-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to understand, interact and create a caring relationship with the patient is a core component in nursing. A shift in nursing education from traditional classroom teaching towards more experiential approaches should be encouraged as this will support learning that links theory with practice. The aim of this study was to describe nursing students' experiences of learning about nursing through drama. This qualitative study was conducted at a university in Sweden. Four focus group interviews were conducted with a total of 16 nursing students and the data was analyzed using a phenomenographic approach.Three themes with their attendant categories emerged through the analysis: "To explore the future professional self", "To develop an understanding of the patient perspective", and "To reflect on the nature of learning". In conclusion this study shows that the use of drama in nursing education can provide opportunities to explore interactions with others which can increase students' self-awareness and ability to reflect on their future professional identity. Acting in role as a patient can provide an opportunity to experience the patient perspective. Also clear was the importance of commitment and engagement ofthe students as a prerequisite for optimizing this form of learning experience through drama
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| 2. |
- Axelsson, Malin, 1964-
(författare)
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Report on personality and adherence to antibiotic therapy : a population-based study
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2050-7283. ; 1:1, s. 24-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Antimicrobial resistance results from inappropriate use of antibiotics and makes common or life-threatening infections more difficult or sometimes impossible to treat. Proper adherence to antibiotic therapy is one among several measures required to prevent antimicrobial resistance. Knowledge of personality traits could help in identifying patients who need support with their adherence behaviour. Previous research has presented associations between personality traits and adherence to long-term medication treatment in individuals with different chronic diseases. However, there is limited knowledge about associations between personality traits and adherence to both antibiotic therapy and to shorter treatment periods. The aim was to explore the relation between personality and adherence behaviour in people prescribed antibiotics for common infections.METHODS:In a population-based study, 445 respondents reported on their prescribed antibiotic therapy and completed the Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness to experience Five-factor Inventory and the Medication Adherence Report Scale. Data were statistically analysed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, bivariate correlations, multiple and logistic regressions.RESULTS:Non-adherence was estimated to be 9.4%. The most common reasons for stopping therapy prematurely was that the respondent was now healthy and that the respondents experienced side-effects. Non-adherent respondents scored lower on the personality traits Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. A logistic regression showed that higher scores on Agreeableness decreased the risk for non-adherence to antibiotic therapy. In a multiple regression, Neuroticism was identified as a negative predictor, and both Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were identified as positive predictors of adherence behaviour.CONCLUSIONS:Preventive measures to decrease non-adherence may be to inform patients not to interrupt the antibiotic therapy when they start to feel healthy and to inform them about how to prevent and handle common side-effects. As associations between personality and adherence mainly have been described in relation to long-term treatments in chronic diseases, the current study add to the literature by showing that personality traits also seem to be reflected in adherence to shorter treatment periods with antibiotics for common infections. More studies in this specific area of adherence research are recommended.
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| 3. |
- Carlström, Eric
(författare)
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Middle managers on the slide
- 2012
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Ingår i: Leadership in Health Services. - : Emerald. - 1751-1879 .- 1751-1887 .- 0952-6862. ; 25:2, s. 90-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose– This article aims to examine middle managers in health care and how their role has changed in times of fiscal constraints. It seeks to focus particularly on how cost savings influence the position of middle managers in the organisation between governance and advocacy pressure.Design/methodology/approach– A total of 25 Swedish middle managers from public health care organisations during fiscal constraints were interviewed about what contributes to their positioning in the organisation.Findings– The loyalty of middle managers is tested in the "in between" role. Excessive loyalty, in any direction, can distance a middle manager from their expected position. In times of a weakening economy, middle managers are expected to be a tool that is used by the management to communicate savings, personnel reductions, redundancies and closures. This contributes to middle managers sliding out of their role in between.Practical implications– Middle managers' skills are within care itself. In times of cost savings, demands are placed on their ability to handle advanced management tasks. They need to gain a clearer insight into management control, understanding conflict management and leadership.Originality/value– The article explains not only why middle managers slide up (take on governance roles) and down (take on advocacy roles) in the organisation, which has been described previously. It also explains why middle managers slide out (abdicate responsibility) of the role between governance and advocacy during times of fiscal limitations.
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| 4. |
- Carlström, Eric, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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The first single responders in Sweden : Evaluation of a pre-hospital single staffed unit
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Emergency Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1755-599X .- 1878-013X. ; 32:S1, s. 15-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Single responder (SR) systems have been implemented in several countries. When the very first SR system in Sweden was planned, it was criticised because of concerns about sending single emergency nurses out on alerts. In the present study, the first Swedish SR unit was studied in order to register waiting times and assess the working environment.METHOD: Quantitative data were collected from the ambulance dispatch register. Data on the working environment were collected using a questionnaire sent to the SR staff.RESULTS: The SR system reduced the average patient waiting time from 26 to 13min. It also reduced the number of ambulance transports by 35% following triage of patient(s) priority determined by the SR. The staff perceived the working environment to be adequate.CONCLUSION: The SR unit was successful in that it reduced waiting times to prehospital health care. Contrary to expectations, it proved to be an adequate working environment. There is good reason to believe that SR systems will spread throughout the country. In order to enhance in depth the statistical analysis, additional should be collected over a longer time period and from more than one SR unit.
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| 5. |
- Dahlborg Lyckhage, Elisabeth, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Changing essay writing in undergraduate nursing education through action research: a Swedish example
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nursing Education Perspectives. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1536-5026 .- 1943-4685. ; 34:4, s. 226-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes the development of literature-based models for bachelor degree essays in Swedish undergraduate nursing education. Students' experiences in a course with literature-based models for bachelor degree essays are discussed. The ever-growing body of nursing research and specialized and complex health care practices make great demands on nursing education in terms of preparing students to be both skilled practitioners and users of research. Teaching to help students understand evidence-based practice is a challenge for nursing education. Action research was used to generate knowledge of and practical solutions to problems in everyday locations. Six models were developed: concept analysis, contributing to evidence-based nursing by means of quantitative research, contributing to evidence-based nursing by means of qualitative research, discourse analysis, analysis of narratives, and literature review. Action research was found to be a relevant procedure for changing ways of working with literature-based, bachelor degree essays. The models that were developed increased students' confidence in writing essays and preparedness for the nursing role.
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| 6. |
- Engwall, Marie, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Recovering from COVID-19 - A Process Characterised by Uncertainty: A Qualitative study.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of rehabilitation medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1651-2081 .- 1650-1977. ; 54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To obtain a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of patients with COVID-19, the recovery process and consequences for everyday life 6 months after hospital discharge.An explorative qualitative study using individual interviews.A purposive sampling was applied to recruit persons who had received inpatient hospital care, were discharged approximately 6 months previously, were of working age and had persistent self-reported symptoms at a 3-month follow-up appointment.Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 participants (10 men, 5 women), which were then transcribed and analysed with inductive thematic analysis.Three themes were identified: "Status of recovery - two steps forward, one step back", "Remaining symptoms caused limitations in everyday life" and "Strategies for recovery". Participants indicated the recovery process through 6 months after discharge was a challenging road, often involving setbacks. A wide range of persistent, fluctuating, or new symptoms negatively impacted many areas of daily life, with fatigue and lack of energy being especially prominent. Participants used a variety of strategies to cope and recover.This study increases our knowledge of the lived experiences of COVID-19 based individual experiences. Unexpected symptoms in the recovery process were described and not always possible to forecast.
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| 7. |
- Fredriksson-Larsson, Ulla
(författare)
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Fatigue och återhämtning efter hjärtinfarkt
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fast and efficient acute medical treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) has developed during recent years and has resulted in a reduced number of days spent in hospital and increased survival. To optimize persons’ recovery, secondary preventive strategies are important. Fatigue has been reported to be the most bothersome symptom in 50% of persons treated for MI and was described as incomprehensible due to its unpredictable occurrence and unknown cause. Today, in cardiac rehabilitation programs there are typically few or no recommendations at all concerning strategies for dealing with fatigue after MI. The main focus was to explore how self-reported fatigue after MI could be measured in a psychometrically valid manner and to describe the symptom of fatigue in relation to other concurrent symptoms, how the heart attack was handled and its consequences in everyday life two months after MI. With a view to creating opportunities to identify and measure fatigue post-MI, the first specific aim was to validate the usefulness of the questionnaire Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 (MFI-20). A psychometric method called Rasch analysis was used. The results showed that the MFI-20 can be used to obtain a global score reflecting an underlying unidimensional trait of fatigue; and transformation of the summarized raw scale scores into interval scale scores was possible. Also, four of the five original dimensions separately fitted the Rasch model and could be used to identify general fatigue, physical fatigue, mental fatigue and reduced activity. One of the specific aims was to examine persons’ experiences of fatigue consequences and strategies used to manage fatigue two months after the heart attack. Interviews were conducted (n= 18) and analyzed using constructivist grounded theory methodology. Grounded in the data, the main consequence of fatigue, as illustrated in the core category was I’ve lost the person I used to be. It indicates a sense of reduced ability to manage daily life due to experiences of fatigue. The core category was developed from the four categories: involuntary thoughts, certainties replaced with question marks, driving with the handbrake on and just being is enough. Another specific aim was to explore fatigue levels two months after myocardial infarction (MI) and examine associations with other concurrent symptoms, sleep quality and the coping strategies used to handle the MI. The results showed that a global fatigue score two months post-MI was associated with concurrent symptoms, such as breathlessness and stress, and coping strategies, such as change of values, intrusion, and isolation. In comparisons of present fatigue dimension levels (general fatigue, physical fatigue, reduced activity and mental fatigue) two months post-MI and baseline measurements (first week in hospital), the results showed that levels of fatigue dimensions had decreased. In comparisons with levels of fatigue four months post-MI in a reference group, we found lower levels of fatigue two months post-MI. In the final study, the aim was to validate a single-item measure of stress symptoms and to explore its association with fatigue in a sample of persons treated for MI. The results confirmed the convergent validity of the single-item measure of stress symptoms. In analyses of relations between stress and fatigue, it was found that the single-item stress measure was strongly associated with both the global fatigue score and all four fatigue dimension scores (general, physical and mental fatigue as well as reduced activity). In conclusion, fatigue two months post-MI had significant consequences because it restricted informants’ potential to function in daily life as they had done previously. The present thesis showed that post-MI fatigue could be identified both globally and multidimensionality. The results could serve as the basis for a future recovery intervention aimed at preventing and relieving post-MI fatigue and based on managing daily life in relation to personal experiences. By facilitating identification of fatigued persons using quantitative measurements and personal narratives about the consequences of fatigue, such an intervention would enable health-care professionals to tailor fatigue relief support during the recovery period. Elaboration of this intervention is a question for further research.
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| 8. |
- Gellerstedt, Martin, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Could prioritisation by emergency medicine dispatchers be improved by using computer-based decision support? : A cohort of patients with chest pain
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 220, s. 734-738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To evaluate whether a computer-based decision support system could improve the allocation of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or a life-threatening condition (LTC). We hypothesised that a system of this kind would improve sensitivity without compromising specificity. Methods: A total of 2285 consecutive patients who dialed 112 due to chest pain were asked 10 specific questions and a prediction model was constructed based on the answers. We compared the sensitivity of the dispatchers' decisions with that of the model-based decision support model. Results: A total of 2048 patients answered all 10 questions. Among the 235 patients with ACS, 194 were allocated the highest prioritisation by dispatchers (sensitivity 82.6%) and 41 patients were given a lower prioritisation (17.4% false negatives). The allocation suggested by the model used the highest prioritisation in 212 of the patients with ACS (sensitivity of 90.2%), while 23 patients were underprioritised (9.8% false negatives). The results were similar when the two systems were compared with regard to LTC and 30-day mortality. This indicates that computer-based decision support could be used either for increasing sensitivity or for saving resources. Three questions proved to be most important in terms of predicting ACS/LTC, [1] the intensity of pain, [2] the localisation of pain and [3] a history of ACS. Conclusion: Among patients with acute chest pain, computer-based decision support with a model based on a few fundamental questions could improve sensitivity and reduce the number of cases with the highest prioritisation without endangering the patients.
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| 9. |
- Gunnarsdottir, Hrafnhildur, et al.
(författare)
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Relative deprivation in the Nordic countries-child mental health problems in relation to parental financial stress
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 26:2, s. 277-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Nordic welfare system has been acknowledged as favourable for children, successfully contributing to low child mortality and poverty rates. Nevertheless, mental health problems among children and adolescents are common and the economic situation of the family has been highlighted as an important determinant. In spite of similar social, political and cultural structures, the Nordic countries differ; Iceland was most affected by the global financial crisis in 2008. The aim of this study was to examine potential differences in parental financial stress and the associations to child mental health between the Nordic countries as well as age and gender differences. Methods: The study sample consisted of 6330 children aged 4-16 years old included in the 2011 version of the Nordic Study of Children's Health, Wellbeing and Quality of life. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to measure mental health problems. Results: In Iceland, 47.7% of the parents reported financial stress while <= 20% did so in the other countries except for Finland (33.5%). However, in case of parental financial stress the OR of mental health problems comparing children to parents with and without financial stress was significantly lower among the Icelandic children (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.15-2.24) than among the others: Denmark OR 3.07 (95% CI 2.15-4.39), Finland OR 2.28 (95% CI 1.60-3.25), Norway OR 2.77 (95% CI 1.86-4.12), Sweden OR 3.31(95% CI 2.26-4.86). No significant age or gender differences in the ORs were observed. Conclusions: Besides socioeconomic situation, relative deprivation should be considered an important determinant of child mental health.
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| 10. |
- Kajonius, Petri, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Safeness and Treatment Mitigate the Effect of Loneliness on Satisfaction With Elderly Care
- 2016
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Ingår i: Gerontologist. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0016-9013 .- 1758-5341. ; 56:5, s. 928-936
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maximizing satisfaction among the older persons is the goal of modern individualized elderly care and how to best achieve this is of relevance for people involved in planning and providing elderly care services. Purpose of the Study: What predicts satisfaction with care among older persons can be conceived as a function of process (how care is performed) and the older person. Inspired by the long-standing person versus situation debate, the present research investigated the interplay between person-and process-related factors in predicting satisfaction with elderly care. Design and Methods: A nationwide sample was analyzed, based on a questionnaire with 95,000 individuals using elderly care services. Results: The results showed that person-related factors (i.e., anxiety, health, and loneliness) were significant predictors of satisfaction with care, although less strongly than process-related factors (i.e., treatment, safeness, and perceived staff and time availability). Among the person-related factors, loneliness was the strongest predictor of satisfaction among older persons in nursing homes. Interestingly, a path analysis revealed that safeness and treatment function as mediators in linking loneliness to satisfaction. Implications: The results based on a large national sample demonstrate that the individual aging condition to a significant degree can be countered by a well-functioning care process, resulting in higher satisfaction with care among older persons.
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